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. 2017 Jul 5;7:4631. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04635-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Crystal structure of La-doped BaTiO₃films. (a) 2θ − θX-ray diffraction pattern of non-doped BTO and La-BTO films grown on GSO (110) substrates for the (002) peak of BTO and the (220) peak of GSO. (b) Lattice constants for non-doped BTO and La-BTO films, bulk single-crystalline BTO, BTO films on DSO and GSO substrates grown by MBE²⁶. The solid line denotes the cubic structure (c/a = 1) and the dotted line denotes the tetragonal structure (c/a = 1.011) corresponding to single-crystalline BTO. (c) AFM image (2 × 2 μm²) of the surface of the BTO film.