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. 2017 Jul 5;7:4631. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04635-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Transport properties of La-doped BaTiO₃films. Temperature dependence of (a) resistivity, (b) carrier density, and (c) mobility for La-BTO films from [n]/Ti = 0.64% to 8.8%. Closed triangles in (a) denote the transition temperature from the non-polar phase to the polar phase determined by XRD and open triangles denote the kink temperature where the slope of resistivity as a function of Tchanges. (d) Phase diagram of the films. Non-polar to polar transition temperatures determined by XRD shown as closed circles and by SHG shown as open circles are plotted with the counter plot of differentiation of ρ(Τ), dρ/dΤ. A phase: paraelectric metal, B phase: polar metal, and C phase: polar insulator are indicated.