Table 1.
Characteristics of participants, by genital HPV DNA status
| Characteristic | HPV DNA detected N = 224 n (%) or Mean (SD) or Median (IQR) |
Total N = 304 n (%) or Mean (SD) or Median (IQR) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, mean years | 38 (8) | 38 (8) |
| Born in SA | 161 (71)* | 208 (68) |
| Single | 136 (60) | 180 (59) |
| Employed | 159 (71) | 214 (71) |
| Currently smokes | 75 (33) | 94 (31) |
| Currently drinks alcohol | 122 (54) | 161 (53) |
| Mean age at sexual debut | 18 (3) | 17 (3) |
| Ever had sex with men | 10 (4) | 15 (5) |
| > 1 sexual partner in past 3 months | 53 (23) | 77 (25) |
| Consistent condom use with recent partner | 143 (63) | 190 (63) |
| On ART | 144 (63) | 197 (65) |
| Duration on ART, median months | 31 (13–55) | 33 (15–58) |
| CD4+ count, median cells/μL (n = 288) | 443 (327–556) | 445 (328–567) |
| Undetectable PVL (<40 copies/ml) | 83 (39) | 107 (54) |
| Circumcised | 43 (19) | 62 (20) |
| Anogenital warts present | 36 (16)* | 36 (12) |
| Accepted intra-anal swabbing | 160 (70) | 250 (82) |
| HPV detected on intra-anal swab (n = 227) | 84 (37) | 88 (39) |
| Anal cytology results (n = 242)a | ||
| NILM | 94 (41) | 123 (51) |
| ASCUS | 37 (16) | 48 (20) |
| LSIL | 50 (22) | 70 (29) |
| HSIL | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Of 304 genital swabs sent for analysis, 21 had invalid results. *: p-value < 0.05 for comparison of those with and without genital HPV infection. PVL, plasma viral load among those on antiretroviral therapy (ART). a250 smears were sent for analysis, 8 had invalid results. NILM Negative for intraepithelial malignancy. ASCUS Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance. LSIL Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion. HSIL High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion