Table 2.
The socio-behavioural, clinical and HIV-related factors associated with abnormal anal cytology
| Characteristic | Abnormal anal cytology N = 118 n (%) or mean (SD) |
M 1 (Crude) OR (95% CI) |
p-value | M 2a
aOR (95%CI) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Born in SA | 84 (72) | 1.38 (0.80–2.37) | 0.25 | 1.38 (0.79–2.38) | 0.25 |
| Single | 85 (72) | 1.76 (0.98–3.00) | 0.06 | 1.76 (1.00–3.11) | 0.05 |
| Employed | 83 (70) | 0.86 (0.49–1.51) | 0.60 | 0.86 (0.48–1.55) | 0.62 |
| Currently smokes | 35 (30) | 1.06 (0.61–1.85) | 0.84 | 1.06 (0.61–1.85) | 0.84 |
| Currently drinks alcohol | 63 (53) | 1.23 (0.74–2.03) | 0.43 | 1.23 (0.74–2.05) | 0.42 |
| Age at sexual debut | 18 (3) | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | 0.70 | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | 0.70 |
| Ever had sex with men | 8 (5) | 1.60 (0.44–5.80) | 0.48 | 1.60 (0.44–5.86) | 0.47 |
| > 1 sexual partner in past 3 months | 25 (21) | 0.90 (0.49–1.67) | 0.75 | 0.90 (0.49–1.67) | 0.74 |
| Consistent condom use with recent partner | 77 (65) | 1.87 (0.86–4.08) | 0.12 | 1.86 (0.86–4.12) | 0.12 |
| Anogenital warts present | 10 (8) | 0.67 (0.29–1.55) | 0.34 | 0.67 (0.29–1.55) | 0.35 |
| On ART | 88 (75) | 2.08 (1.20–3.59) | 0.009 | 2.26 (1.26–4.09) | 0.007 |
| Duration on ART (months) | |||||
| > 12 | 68 (58) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 6–12 | 16 (14) | 1.13 (0.49–2.65) | 0.77 | 1.01 (0.43–2.41) | 0.97 |
| < 6 | 3 (3) | 0.47 (0.11–2.04) | 0.31 | 0.41 (0.09–1.82) | 0.24 |
| CD4+ count (cells/μL) | |||||
| > 500 | 37 (31) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 351–500 | 41 (35) | 1.65 (0.88–3.08) | 0.12 | 1.65 (0.88–3.09) | 0.12 |
| 200–350 | 21 (18) | 1.03 (0.51–2.09) | 0.94 | 1.03 (0.50–2.09) | 0.94 |
| < 200 | 12 (10) | 2.27 (0.81–6.32) | 0.12 | 2.26 (0.81–6.32) | 0.12 |
| Undetectable PVL (<40 copies/ml) | 51 (43) | 0.64 (0.38–1.10) | 0.10 | 0.63 (0.36–1.09) | 0.09 |
| Controlled HIV diseaseb | 33 (28) | 1.38 (0.77–2.48) | 0.28 | 1.35 (0.81–2.36) | 0.30 |
Abnormal cytology included ASCUS and LSIL. M2a: Adjusted for age. b: On ART for >6 months, CD4+ > 350 and undetectable PVL