Table-8.
Plants reported to have anti-Salmonella properties in the literature.
| N | Species | Family | Vernacular name | Ethnobotanical data | Identified substances | Pharmacological data | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ocimum basilicum | Lamiaceae | Kesu kesu (fon) | Mycoplasmoses (pounded leaves) | Estragole, linalol, eugenol | Inhibitory activity on S. enterica | [34,35] |
| 2 | Cissus quadrangularis | Vitaceae | Assan (fon) | Avian Salmonellosis (maceration) | Antibacterial and antioxidant activity | [34,43,47] | |
| 3 | Salvia officinalis | Laminaceae | Salmiya (arabe) | Rosmarinic, caffeic, chlorogenic acids; carnosol, flavonoids, essential oils (mainly thuyone and cineole) | Activity of the essential oils against Salmonella spp | [48-51] | |
| 4 | Schinus molle | Anacardiaceae | Faux poivrier ou poivrier sauvage (français) | Activity of the essential oils against Salmonella spp | [48,49,52] | ||
| 5 | Uncaria tomentosa (Willd). DC | Rubiaceae | Griffe de chat (français) | Decoction of roots and bark as Antibiotic | Oxindol alkaloids pentacyclic oxindols oxindol alkaloids tetracyclic | Activity of the essential oils against Salmonella Typhi | [53] |
| 6 | Blighia sapida | Sapindaceae | Lisè (fon) | Bath of stem and leaves against typhoid fever | [44] | ||
| 7 | Ficus exasperata | Moraceae | Aholoman (fon) | Drink decoction or maceration against typhoid fever | Sterols and polyterpenes, polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids | ||
| 8 | Rudbeckia purpurea | Echinaceae | Rudbeckie rouge (français) | Recommended drug against typhoid fever | [54] | ||
| 9 | Echinacea angustifolia | Echinaceae | Echinacée à feuilles étroites (français) | Recommended drug against typhoid fever | [54] | ||
| 10 | Terminalia glaucescens | Combretaceae | Idi-odan (Yoruba) | Diarrhea, tooth decay, malaria, typhoid fever, coughing, dermatosis | terpenoides, phenol derivatives and alkaloids | Antibacterial activity on Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Typhimurium | [31,55-57] |
| 11 | Bidens pilosa Linn. | Asteraceae | Abèrèoloko (yoruba) | Decoction or maceration of leaves administered orally against typhoid fever | [5] | ||
| 12 | Costus afer Ker-Gawl. | Costaceae | Trétrégougou (fon) | Decoction or maceration of leaves administered orally against typhoid fever | [5] | ||
| 13 | Dissotis prostrata | Melastomataceae | Decoction or maceration of leaves administered orally against typhoid fever | [5] | |||
| 14 | Enantia chlorantia | Annonaceae | Decoction or maceration of leaves administered orally against typhoid fever | [5] | |||
| 15 | Entandrophragma candollei Harms. | Meliaceae | Decoction or maceration of leaves administered orally against typhoid fever | [5] | |||
| 16 | Entandrophragma cylindricum | Meliaceae | Decoction or maceration of leaves administered orally against typhoid fever | [5] | |||
| 17 | Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw. | Crassulaceae | Decoction or maceration of leaves administered orally against typhoid fever | [5] | |||
| 18 | Picralima nitida (Staph) Th & H.Dur | Apocynaceae | Decoction or maceration of leaves administered orally against typhoid fever | [5] | |||
| 19 | Voacanga africana Stapf | Apocynaceae | Decoction or maceration of leaves administered orally against typhoid fever | [5] | |||
| 20 | Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer | Araliaceae | Decoction of roots administered orally against typhoid fever | [5] | |||
| 21 | Enantia chlorantha | Annonaceae | Decoction of Bark against typhoid fever | [5] | |||
| 22 | Cassia occidentalis | Caesalpiniaceae | Rai daure, majanzafari (Hausa); Rere (Yoruba); Okidiagbara (Igbo) | Use of the leaves against typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 23 | Azadirachta indica A. Juss | Meliaceae | Dogo yaro, darbejiya (Hausa); Amuka (Yoruba); Okwuruozo (Igbo) | Use of the leaves against typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 24 | Stereospermum kunthianum Cham. | Bignoniaceae | Sansami (Hausa) | Bark against typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 25 | Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich | Cochlospermaceae | Rawaya (Hausa); Rawaye (Yoruba); Nkalike, Obasi (Igbo) | Roots against typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 26 | Hygrophilia auriculata (Schumach) Heine | Acanthaceae | Zazargiwa, Kayar rakumi (Hausa); Zanagodoye (Kanuri) | Typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 27 | Asparagus africanus | Liliaceae | Mugamu adawa (Hausa); Aluki, Kaadan, Koobe (Yoruba) | Typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 28 | Acacia albida | Mimosaceae | Gawo (Hausa); Karau (Kanuri); Kad’ha (Babur) | Typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 29 | Detarium microcarpum | Caesalpiniaceae | Taura (Hausa); Ogbogbo, sedun (Yoruba); Ofo (Igbo) | Typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 30 | Gossypium herbaceum | Malvaceae | Auduga (Hauda); Kaitan (Kanuri); Owu (Igbo); Laghosa (Yoruba) | Leaves, typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 31 | Cadaba farinosa | capparidaceae | Bagayi (Hausa); Marra (Kanuri); Marka (Babur) | Leaves, typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 32 | Pilostigma reticulatum | Caesalpiniaceae | Kargo, kalgo (Hausa); Kalur (Kanuri); B'ula (Babur); Abafe, Abafin (Yoruba) | Roots, typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 33 | Combretum glutinosum | Combretaceae | Kattakara, taranniyi, farin ganya (Hausa); Kadaar (Kanuri); Shafa (Babur) | Leaves, typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 34 | Celtis integrifolia | Ulmaceae | Zuwo (Hausa); Nguzo (Kanuri); Nguzo (Babur) | Typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 35 | Maytenus senegalensis | Celastraceae | Bakororo, namijin Tsada (Hausa); Karau Karau (Kanuri); Soofi (Babur); Sepolotiun (Yoruba) | Typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 36 | Cordia africana | Boraginaceae | Alulluba (Hausa); Alwa (Kanuri); Alwa (Babur) | Typhoid fever | [46] | ||
| 37 | Cassia singuena | Caesalpiniaceae | Rumfu (Hausa); Fanalewa (Kanuri); Bag'sha (Badur) | Typhoid fever | [46] |