Table-2.
Putative virulence-associated genes detected in Arcobacter isolates using PCR.
| Species and source | Number of strains examined | Number of strains generating specific gene amplicon | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cadF | ciaB | cj1349 | mviN | pldA | tlyA | ||
| A. butzleri | |||||||
| Poultry feces | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Pig feces | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Cattle feces | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Chicken meat | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Pork | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Milk | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Veterinary students | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Farm workers | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Diarrheic humans | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Total (%) | 16 | 16 (100) | 16 (100) | 16 (100) | 16 (100) | 16 (100) | 16 (100) |
| A. cryaerophilus | |||||||
| Poultry feces | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Pig feces | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Cattle feces | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Chicken meat | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Pork | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Milk | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total (%) | 13 | 8 (61.5) | 11 (84.6) | 10 (76.9) | 10 (76.9) | 8 (61.5) | 8 (61.5) |
| A. skirrowii | |||||||
| Poultry feces | 5 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| Pig feces | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Sheep feces | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mutton | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Total (%) | 12 | 6 (50) | 11 (91.6) | 10 (83.3) | 8 (66.6) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) |
| Grand total (%) | 41 | 30 (73.1) | 38 (92.6) | 36 (87.8) | 34 (82.9) | 30 (73.1) | 30 (73.1) |
PCR=Polymerase chain reaction, A. butzleri=Arcobacter butzleri, A. cryaerophilus=Arcobacter cryaerophilus, A. skirrowii=Arcobacter skirrowii