Table 1. Identification and classification of Drosophila chaperones.
| Sr. No. | Annotation | FlyBase ID | Gene Name | Symbol | Alternate Name | Gene Group Membership | Protein Family |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small heat shock proteins | |||||||
| 1 | CG4167 | FBgn0001227 | Heat shock gene 67Ba | Hsp67Ba | gene 1, gene1 | Small heat shock proteins | Small heat shock protein (HSP20) family |
| 2 | CG4183 | FBgn0001225 | Heat shock protein 26 | Hsp26 | DmHsp26, hsp26, 26 | Small heat shock proteins | Small heat shock protein (HSP20) family |
| 3 | CG4190 | FBgn0001229 | Heat shock gene 67Bc | Hsp67Bc | gene 3 | Small heat shock proteins | Small heat shock protein (HSP20) family |
| 4 | CG4460 | FBgn0001223 | Heat shock protein 22 | Hsp22 | DmHsp22, CG32041 | Small heat shock proteins | Small heat shock protein (HSP20) family |
| 5 | CG4461 | FBgn0035982 | CG4461 | Hsp20 | Small heat shock proteins | ||
| 6 | CG4463 | FBgn0001224 | Heat shock protein 23 | Hsp23 | DmHsp23, 23 | Small heat shock proteins | Small heat shock protein (HSP20) family |
| 7 | CG4466 | FBgn0001226 | Heat shock protein 27 | Hsp27 | Hsp28, DmHsp27, Dhsp27, hsp 27 | Small heat shock proteins | Small heat shock protein (HSP20) family |
| 8 | CG4533 | FBgn0011296 | Lethal (2) essential for life | l(2)efl | Cryab | Small heat shock proteins | Small heat shock protein (HSP20) family |
| 9 | CG7409 | FBgn0035817 | CG7409 | Small heat shock proteins | |||
| 10 | CG13133 | FBgn0032181 | CG13133 | Small heat shock proteins | |||
| 11 | CG14207 | FBgn0031037 | CG14207 | Small heat shock proteins | |||
| Prefoldins | |||||||
| 1 | CG6302 | FBgn0010741 | Prefoldin 2 | Pfdn2 | l(3)01239 | Prefoldin subunit β family | |
| 2 | CG6719 | FBgn0264694 | Merry-go-round | Mgr | Prefoldin subunit α family | ||
| 3 | CG7048 | FBgn0038976 | Prefoldin 5 | Pfdn5 | Prefoldin subunit α family | ||
| 4 | CG7770 | FBgn0036918 | Prefoldin 6 | Pfdn6 | Prefoldin subunit β family | ||
| 5 | CG10635 | FBgn0035603 | Prefoldin 4 | Pfdn4 | Prefoldin subunit β family | ||
| 6 | CG15266 | FBgn0259982 | Lethal (2) 35Cc | l(2)35Cc | |||
| 7 | CG15676 | FBgn0034651 | CG15676 | ||||
| Heat shock protein 40 kDa (HSP40) | |||||||
| 1 | CG1107 | FBgn0037218 | Auxilin | aux | dAux | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |
| 2 | CG1409 | FBgn0029964 | CG1409 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 3 | CG1416 | FBgn0032961 | CG1416 | ||||
| 4 | CG2239 | FBgn0027654 | jdp | jdp | dJDP | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |
| 5 | CG2790 | FBgn0027599 | CG2790 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 6 | CG2887 | FBgn0030207 | CG2887 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 7 | CG2911 | FBgn0037350 | CG2911 | ||||
| 8 | CG3061 | FBgn0038195 | CG3061 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 9 | CG4164 | FBgn0031256 | Shriveled | shv | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | ||
| 10 | CG4599 | FBgn0032586 | Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 2 | Tpr2 | dTPR2 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |
| 11 | CG5001 | FBgn0031322 | CG5001 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 12 | CG5268 | FBgn0038387 | Black pearl | Blp | l(3)01618 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | Belongs to the TIM16/PAM16 family |
| 13 | CG5504 | FBgn0002174 | Lethal (2) tumorous imaginal discs | l(2)tid | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | ||
| 14 | CG6395 | FBgn0004179 | Cysteine string protein | Csp | Dcsp, ab49 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |
| 15 | CG6693 | FBgn0037878 | CG6693 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 16 | CG7130 | FBgn0037151 | CG7130 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 17 | CG7133 | FBgn0037150 | CG7133 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 18 | CG7387 | FBgn0035852 | CG7387 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 19 | CG7394 | FBgn0036173 | CG7394 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | Belongs to the TIM14 family | ||
| 20 | CG7556 | FBgn0030990 | CG7556 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 21 | CG7872 | FBgn0030658 | CG7872 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | Belongs to the DNAJC25 family | ||
| 22 | CG8014 | FBgn0015477 | Receptor-mediated endocytosis 8 | Rme-8 | l(2)45Ba | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |
| 23 | CG8286 | FBgn0037718 | P58IPK | P58IPK | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | ||
| 24 | CG8448 | FBgn0034091 | Mrj | Mrj | dMRJ | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |
| 25 | CG8476 | FBgn0038127 | CG8476 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 26 | CG8531 | FBgn0033918 | CG8531 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 27 | CG8583 | FBgn0035771 | Secretory 63 | Sec63 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | ||
| 28 | CG8863 | FBgn0038145 | DnaJ-like-2 | Droj2 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | ||
| 29 | CG9089 | FBgn0030805 | Wurst | Wus | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | ||
| 30 | CG9828 | FBgn0032474 | DnaJ homolog | DnaJ-H | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | ||
| 31 | CG10375 | FBgn0039116 | CG10375 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 32 | CG10565 | FBgn0037051 | CG10565 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 33 | CG10578 | FBgn0263106 | DnaJ-like-1 | DnaJ-1 | Hsp40, dHdj1, DnaJ1, droj1 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |
| 34 | CG11035 | FBgn0037544 | CG11035 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 35 | CG12020 | FBgn0035273 | CG12020 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 36 | CG14650 | FBgn0037252 | CG14650 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 37 | CG17187 | FBgn0037882 | CG17187 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 38 | CG30156 | FBgn0050156 | CG30156 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 39 | CG32640 | FBgn0052640 | CG32640 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 40 | CG32641 | FBgn0052641 | CG32641 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 41 | CG32727 | FBgn0265265 | CG32727 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 42 | CG34246 | FBgn0263606 | Heat shock protein cognate 20 | Hsc20 | l(3)72Do | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |
| 43 | CG40178 | FBgn0058178 | CG40178 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| 44 | CG42567 | FBgn0260775 | DnaJ-like-60 | DnaJ-60 | DnaJ60 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |
| 45 | CG43322 | FBgn0263027 | CG43322 | Heat shock protein 40/DnaJ cochaperones | |||
| Heat shock protein 60 kDa (HSP60) | |||||||
| 1 | CG2830 | FBgn0011244 | Heat shock protein 60B | Hsp60B | Hsp64 | Heat shock protein 60 chaperonins group i | Chaperonin (HSP60) family |
| 2 | CG5374 | FBgn0003676 | Chaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit 1 | CCT1 | T-cp1, T-cpl, tcp1, Tcp1-like, Tcp1-α | Heat shock protein 60 chaperonins group ii | TCP-1 chaperonin family |
| 3 | CG5525 | FBgn0032444 | Chaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit 4 | CCT4 | CCT4, Tcp1-δ | Heat shock protein 60 chaperonins group ii | |
| 4 | CG6355 | FBgn0028741 | Fab1 kinase | fab1 | |||
| 5 | CG7033 | FBgn0030086 | Chaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit 2 | CCT2 | CCT2, Tcp1-β | Heat shock protein 60 chaperonins group ii | |
| 6 | CG7235 | FBgn0031728 | Heat shock protein 60C | Hsp60C | Hsp64 | Heat shock protein 60 chaperonins group i | Chaperonin (HSP60) family |
| 7 | CG8231 | FBgn0027329 | Chaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit 6 | CCT6 | Tcp-1ζ, TCP-1ζ, l(1)G0022 | Heat shock protein 60 chaperonins group ii | |
| 8 | CG8258 | FBgn0284436 | Chaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit 8 | CCT8 | Tcp1-θ | Heat shock protein 60 chaperonins group ii | |
| 9 | CG8351 | FBgn0037632 | Chaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit 7 | CCT7 | tcp-1η, Cct7 | Heat shock protein 60 chaperonins group ii | |
| 10 | CG8439 | FBgn0010621 | Chaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit 5 | CCT5 | cct5, Tcp1-ɛ | Heat shock protein 60 chaperonins group ii | |
| 11 | CG8977 | FBgn0015019 | Chaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit 3 | CCT3 | Cctγ, Y, Cctg, cct-γ, TCPG_DROME, Tcp1-γ, Cctγ | Heat shock protein 60 chaperonins group ii | TCP-1 chaperonin family |
| 12 | CG12101 | FBgn0015245 | Heat shock protein 60A | Hsp60A | hsp60, l(1)BP5, Hsp60A, Dmhsp60, 12, Hsp64 | Heat shock protein 60 chaperonins group i | Chaperonin (HSP60) family |
| 13 | CG16954 | FBgn0032525 | Heat shock protein 60D | Hsp60D | Heat shock protein 60 chaperonins group i | ||
| Heat Shock Protein 70 kDa (HSP70) | |||||||
| 1 | CG2918 | FBgn0023529 | CG2918 | EG:25E8.1, GRP170 | Atypical heat shock protein 70 chaperones | ||
| 2 | CG4147 | FBgn0001218 | Heat shock 70-kDa protein cognate 3 | Hsc70-3 | Bip, HSC3, Hsc70, Grp78, Hsc-70-3, dBiP | Heat shock protein 70 chaperones | Heat shock protein 70 family |
| 3 | CG4264 | FBgn0266599 | Heat shock protein cognate 4 | Hsc70-4 | Hsc4, Hsc70, hsp70 | Heat shock protein 70 chaperones | Heat shock protein 70 family |
| 4 | CG5436 | FBgn0001230 | Heat shock protein 68 | Hsp68 | 68 | Heat shock protein 70 chaperones | Heat shock protein 70 family |
| 5 | CG5834 | FBgn0051354 | Heat shock protein 70Bbb | Hsp70Bbb | Hsp70, Hsp70B | Heat shock protein 70 chaperones | Heat shock protein 70 family |
| 6 | CG6489 | FBgn0013279 | Heat shock protein 70Bc | Hsp70Bc | Hsp70, Hsp70B, hsp-70, dhsp70 | Heat shock protein 70 chaperones | Heat shock protein 70 family |
| 7 | CG6603 | FBgn0026418 | Hsc70Cb | Hsc70Cb | HSC70 | Atypical heat shock protein 70 chaperones | |
| 8 | CG7182 | FBgn0035878 | CG7182 | ||||
| 9 | CG7756 | FBgn0001217 | Heat shock protein cognate 2 | Hsc70-2 | Hsc70, HSC2 | Heat shock protein 70 chaperones | Heat shock protein 70 family |
| 10 | CG8542 | FBgn0001220 | Heat shock protein cognate 5 | Hsc70-5 | Hsc70, Hsc5 | Heat shock protein 70 chaperones | Heat shock protein 70 family |
| 11 | CG8937 | FBgn0001216 | Heat shock protein cognate 1 | Hsc70-1 | Hsc70 | Heat shock protein 70 chaperones | Heat shock protein 70 family |
| 12 | CG18743 | FBgn0013276 | Heat shock protein 70Ab | Hsp70Ab | Hsp70, Hsp70A, hsp-70, dhsp70 | Heat shock protein 70 chaperones | Heat shock protein 70 family |
| 13 | CG31359 | FBgn0013278 | Heat shock protein 70Bb | Hsp70Bb | Hsp70, Hsp70B, hsp-70, dhsp70 | Heat shock protein 70 chaperones | Heat shock protein 70 family |
| 14 | CG31366 | FBgn0013275 | Heat shock protein 70Aa | Hsp70Aa | Hsp70, Hsp70A, hsp-70, dhsp70 | Heat shock protein 70 chaperones | Heat shock protein 70 family |
| 15 | CG31449 | FBgn0013277 | Heat shock protein 70Ba | Hsp70Ba | Hsp70, Hsp70B, hsp-70, dhsp70 | Heat shock protein 70 chaperones | Heat shock protein 70 family |
| Heat shock protein 90 kDa (HSP90) | |||||||
| 2 | CG1242 | FBgn0001233 | Heat shock protein 83 | Hsp83 | Hsp90, Hsp82, E(sina)2, 83 | Heat shock protein 90 chaperones | Heat shock protein 90 family |
| 1 | CG3152 | FBgn0026761 | Trap1 | Trap1 | Heat shock protein 90 chaperones | ||
| 3 | CG5520 | FBgn0039562 | Glycoprotein 93 | Gp93 | Heat shock protein 90 chaperones | ||
| Heat shock protein 100 kDa (HSP100) | |||||||
| 1 | CG4538 | FBgn0038745 | CG4538 | ||||
The comprehensive list of all Drosophila chaperones is obtained by using bioinformatics analysis. BLASTP searches in FlyBase (http://flybase.org/) and PSI-BLAST searches in NCBI using protein sequences of yeast chaperones as query sequences were performed. A comprehensive list from nonredundant hits of each BLASTP search was further analyzed for domain organization and the validated candidates are reported as a member of respective chaperone families in Drosophila based on their domain organization. In total, Drosophila genome contains 95 chaperones which we classify into seven families. The list of chaperones belonging to each class is shown in the table. There are several chaperones in our comprehensive list for which protein family or gene group membership has not been assigned in FlyBase. The chaperones with no data on gene family and gene group membership are considered as novel chaperones and highlighted in the table. Sr., serial number; No., number; ID, identifier.