Table 1. Significant pathways (q-value < 0.05) obtained in the Fst analysis in Asia and/or Europe.

Biological Process	Pathway Name	NCBI ID	Number of Genes	P-Valuea Asia	q-Value Asia	P-Valuea Europe	q-Value Europe
Behavior	Opioid signaling	1337511	46	0.0005	0.010	0.1300	0.686
Behavior	Glutamatergic synapse	213816	75	0.0005	0.010	0.0005	0.018
Behavior	Dopaminergic synapse	469195	88	0.0005	0.010	0.0460	0.495
Behavior	Serotonergic synapse	525344	75	0.0005	0.010	0.1710	0.734
Behavior	Long-term depression	84497	41	0.0005	0.010	0.0230	0.442
Behavior	Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes	908279	104	0.0005	0.010	0.0440	0.495
Biological regulation	Renin secretion	1223594	42	0.0140	0.245	0.0005	0.018
Biological regulation	Phosphatidylinositol signaling system	84464	70	0.0470	0.438	0.0005	0.018
Cell communication	Cell–cell communication	1336387	61	0.1820	0.570	0.0005	0.018
Cell communication	Integrin cell surface interactions	1337048	51	0.0005	0.010	0.0005	0.018
Cellular process	Assembly of the primary cilium	1336230	123	0.0005	0.010	0.0390	0.479
Cellular process	Hippo signaling pathway	749791	30	0.0005	0.010	0.1590	0.725
Cellular process	Wnt signaling pathway	84473	89	0.0005	0.010	0.2010	0.753
Cellular process	Axon guidance	84477	92	0.0005	0.010	0.0330	0.456
DNA repair	DNA double-strand break repair	1336358	106	0.0005	0.010	0.1100	0.685
DNA repair	Nonhomologous end-joining	92864	12	0.0005	0.010	0.0260	0.442
Immune response	Complement cascade	1336947	23	0.1350	0.535	0.0005	0.018
Immune response	Fc-γ receptor (FCGR) dependent phagocytosis	1336978	36	0.0005	0.010	0.0370	0.467
Immune response	Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)	147807	83	0.0005	0.010	0.5210	0.898
Metabolic process	Glycosaminoglycan metabolism	1336589	81	0.0005	0.010	0.2230	0.757
Metabolic process	Phospholipase D signaling pathway	1311111	104	0.1600	0.542	0.0005	0.018
Metabolic process	G alpha (s) signaling events	1337504	88	0.0005	0.010	0.2840	0.810
Metabolic process	Pancreatic secretion	169304	59	0.0005	0.010	0.0005	0.018
Metabolic process	Insulin secretion	777548	60	0.0005	0.010	0.0005	0.018
Muscle contraction	Muscle contraction	1337146	117	0.5250	0.856	0.0005	0.018
Muscle contraction	Vascular smooth muscle contraction	96246	85	0.0440	0.430	0.0005	0.018
Regulation of transcription	Nuclear signaling by ERBB4	1337437	23	0.0005	0.010	0.1310	0.686
Transport	ABC transporters	84452	27	0.0005	0.010	0.0005	0.018

NCBI ID, National Center for Biotechnology Information database identifier.

^aP-value obtained from permutations.