eTable 1. Summary of selected recent studies on the prevalence of gestational diabetes.

#	Authors, year	Subject matter	Study period	Region studied	Number of evaluated pregnant women/studies *1	GDM prevalence
1	Anna et al., 2008 (16)	Social correlates of increase in GDM prevalence	1995–2005	New South Wales, Australia	n = 956 738	1995: 3.0% 2005: 4.4%
2	Beyerlein et al., 2016 (19)	Relationship between charge-free screening and GDM detection rates in deprived areas	2008–2014	Bavaria, Germany	n = 587 621	2008: 3.4% 2014: 4.0%
3	DeSisto et al., 2014 (13)	GDM prevalence estimate based on PRAMS data	2007–2010	US States: 2007–2010: 21 2010: 15	2007–2010: n = 123 373 2010: n = 23 479	2010: 9.2% 2007–2008: 8.1% 2009–2010: 8.5%
4	Djelmis et al., 2016 (14)	GDM prevalence estimate according to diagnostic criteria (IADPSG and NICE criteria)	2012–2014	Zagreb, Croatia	n = 4646	IADPSG criteria: 17.8% NICE criteria: 23.1%
5	Donovan et al., 2016 (30)	Prevalence and timing of screening and diagnostic testing for GDM	2008–2012	Alberta, Canada	n = 86 842	3.4% (after two-step screening)
6	Ferrara, 2007 (17)	Increasing prevalence of GDM over time	1991–2003	US States and regions in Australia	Studies: n = 6	Increase of 1.8–3.1% Increase of 3.3–7.5% (depending on study)
7	Guariguata et al., 2014 (15)	Global estimates of the prevalence of hyperglycemia in pregnancy	2013	worldwide: 34 countries	Studies: n = 47	Worldwide: 14.8% Europe: 12.6%
8	Huy et al., 2012 (20)	Temporal trend and determining factors of GDM prevalence	2006–2010	Nationwide in Germany	n = 650 232 (German Perinatal Survey) n = 15 429 (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)	German Perinatal Survey: 2010: 3.7% 2006–2010: 1.9% KiGGS: 2006–2010: 5.3%
9	IQTIG, 2015 *2 (22) AQUA Institute, 2009–2014 BQS, 2004–2008	“Quality Assurance in Obstetrics,” former Perinatal Survey: standardized surveys, among others of GDM, in maternity hospitals in the context of childbirth	2004–2015	Germany	Varying, according to year	2015: 50%; 2014: 4.5% 2013: 4.4%; 2012: 4.3% 2011: 4.4%; 2010: 3.7% 2009: 3.4%; 2008: 3.4% 2007: 2.7%; 2006: 2.4% 2005: 2.3%; 2004: 2.2%
10	Lavery et al., 2017 (18)	Temporal trend in GDM prevalence rates in the US between 1979 and 2010	1979–2010	USA	>125 million pregnancies	1979–1980: 0.3% 2008–2010: 5.8%
11	Reeske et al., 2012 (21)	Differences in GDM incidence rates between women of Turkish origin and German women	2005–2007	Berlin, Germany	n = 3338	Women of Turkish origin: 18.3% German women: 13.8%
12	Tamayo et al., 2016 (23)	Prevalence of GDM and risk of complications before and after initiation of a general systematic two-step screening strategy in Germany	2012–2014	North Rhine, Germany	2012–2013: n = 153 302 2013–2014: n = 158 839	2012–2013: 6.02% 2013–2014: 6.81%
13	Zhu, Zhang, 2016 (12)	Review of global GDM prevalence rates according to country/region	2005–2015	Worldwide: 36 nations	Studies: n = 77	2–25%

*¹ Number of studies in literature reviews or systematic reviews

*² Data for 2015 were obtained from the IQTIG’s report “Quality Assurance in Obstetrics”; for the years 2009–2014 from the AQUA Institute’s report “Perinatal survey”; for the years 2004–2008 from the BQS’s report “Perinatal Survey”.

AQUA Institute, Institut für angewandte Qualitätsförderung und Forschung im Gesundheitswesen (Institute for Applied Quality Improvement and Research in Health Care); BQS, Bundesgeschäftsstelle Qualitätssicherung (German Federal Office for Quality Assurance); GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IADPSG, International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups; IQTIG, Institut für Qualitätssicherung und Transparenz im Gesundheitswesen (Federal Institute for Quality Assurance and Transparency in Healthcare); NICE, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; PRAMS, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System