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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Immunol. 2017 Feb 10;47(3):446–453. doi: 10.1002/eji.201646716

Figure 3. Naïve CD4 T cells of MS patients have dysregulated miRNA expression which target the TGF-β signaling pathway and suppress Treg development and function.

Figure 3

Numerous miRNAs were found to be over-expressed in naïve CD4 T cells of MS patients that target TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, SMAD2 and SMAD4. In contrast, 3 miRNA were down-regulated that were predicted to target SMAD7, a negative regulator of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Severin et al [78] found that these miRNAs reduced the ability of naïve CD4 T cells to differentiate into Tregs which may partially explain the Treg defect observed in MS patients.