Table 2.

The effect of biogeographic lineage, culm form and underground rhizome form on whether taxa tended to be introduced or become invasive. Each group was tested independently to determine whether species in a particular group or with particular features have been introduced and become invasive significantly more often than other bamboo species. This was done using a Fisher’s exact test comparing the number of introduced versus non-introduced species, and invasive versus non-invasive.

	All	Status
		Introduced			Invasive
	N	N	%	P	N	%	P
Biogeographic lineage
Temperate woody	500	101	20.2 (16.8–24.0)	0.0067	8	2 (0.9–3.8)	0.022
Paleotropical woody	450	72	16.0 (12.7–19.7)	0.0088	4	1 (0.3–2.7)	1.00
Neotropical woody	300	32	11.0 (7.9–15.0)	0.813	0	–	0.0460
Herbaceous	114	8	7.0 (3.1–13.4)	0.0005	0	–	0.615
Culm form
Woody	1293	202	16.4 (14.4–18.5)	0.0067	12	1.1 (0.6–1.9)	0.615
Herbaceous	114	7	7.0 (3.1–13.4)	0.0067	0	–	0.615
Underground rhizome form
Running	331	71	21.4 (16.9–26.4)	0.0018	8	1.6 (0.4–4.1)	0.24
Clumping	860	116	13.5 (11.2–16.0)	0.0018	4	0.7 (0.2–1.6)	0.24