Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristics of patients | SG (n=50) | CG (n=50) | SCG (n=50) | PG (n=50) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69.1±8.4 | 67.8±7.5 | 68.9±8.8 | 68.5±8.0 | 0.246 |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 29 (58) | 31 (62) | 30 (60) | 32 (64) | 0.683 |
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| Han zhu | 44 (88) | 43 (86) | 44 (88) | 43 (86) | 0.766 |
| Manchu | 4 (8) | 5 (10) | 4 (8) | 5 (10) | 0.727 |
| Mongolians | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1.000 |
| Tibetans | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 1.000 |
| Weight (kg) | 85.6±16.4 | 84.7±14.6 | 86.7±15.8 | 86.1±15.0 | 0.145 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.2±2.9 | 27.8±2.6 | 28.5±2.7 | 28.9±2.4 | 0.532 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 7.6±0.9 | 7.9±0.9 | 7.5±0.8 | 7.6±0.7 | 0.107 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 5.8±4.6 | 5.5±4.2 | 5.6±4.9 | 5.7±4.2 | 0.642 |
| HR (beats/minute) | |||||
| 24-hour | 76.8±14.2 | 78.4±14.0 | 77.4±15.1 | 76.4±14.6 | 0.728 |
| Daytime | 81.2±12.3 | 80.2±11.5 | 80.8±13.5 | 80.4±12.1 | 0.859 |
| Nighttime | 69.4±8.6 | 67.6±9.0 | 68.9±9.5 | 66.5±8.4 | 0.678 |
| SBP (mmHg) | |||||
| 24-hour | 141.7±12.6 | 130.6±11.2 | 139.5±11.9 | 134.5±10.3 | 0.554 |
| Daytime | 151.4±13.7 | 153.2±13.2 | 150.6±12.8 | 147.6±11.9 | 0.762 |
| Nighttime | 140.8±14.2 | 140.5±13.3 | 142.4±13.6 | 145.5±11.8 | 0.331 |
| DBP (mmHg) | |||||
| 24-hour | 85.6±8.2 | 86.6±7.5 | 86.0±7.3 | 86.7±7.1 | 0.426 |
| Daytime | 87.5±8.0 | 86.2±7.4 | 89.1±7.8 | 85.9±7.2 | 0.584 |
| Nighttime | 79.4±8.2 | 77.4±6.9 | 78.9±6.6 | 78.0±6.1 | 0.252 |
| Failing with single-drug treatment, n | |||||
| BIA | 17 | 19 | 17 | 19 | 0.677 |
| Exenatide | 15 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 0.829 |
| MET | 14 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 0.822 |
Notes: Chi-square test and t-test were performed to compare the variance between two groups. There are significant statistic differences at P<0.05. Data presented as mean ± SD unless indicated otherwise.
Abbreviations: SCG, sitagliptin and chitosan oligosaccharide group; CG, chitosan oligosaccharide group; SG, sitagliptin group; PG, placebo group; BMI, body mass index; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BIA, biphasic insulin aspart; MET, metformin.