Effect on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. U87MG and GSCs were treated with either TMZ or EMAP-II and combination of TMZ with EMAP-II for 72 h. (A-D) Western Blot showed relative expressions of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR and p-mTOR, combination of TMZ with EMAP-II enhanced inhibition of p-mTOR/mTOR on U87MG; (E-H) Western Blot showed relative expressions of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR and p-mTOR, combination of TMZ with EMAP-II enhanced inhibition of p-mTOR/mTOR on GSCs. The values present means ± SD (n = 4, each). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, or ***p < 0.001.