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. 2017 Jun 26;10:1477–1486. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S139466

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© 2017 Staud et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Mean (SD) pain ratings of participants with CFS before (black bars) and after (hatched bars) muscle injections with 1% lidocaine or normal saline.

Notes: All subjects received injections into both shoulders and buttocks in counterbalanced order. Pain ratings were obtained directly before and 30 min after the muscle injections. Pain ratings of CFS participants decreased significantly over time (p < 0.001) but not significantly more after lidocaine compared to normal saline injections (p > 0.05).

Abbreviations: CFS, chronic fatigue syndrome; SD, standard deviation; VAS, visual analog scale.