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. 2017 Jun 26;10:1477–1486. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S139466

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© 2017 Staud et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Average heat pain ratings (SD) of 10 s heat stimuli in patients with CFS at 45°C before (black bars) and 30 min after (hatched bars) muscle injections with 1% lidocaine or normal saline into both shoulder and gluteal areas.

Notes: Supra-threshold heat pain stimuli were applied to the (A) forearms and (B) lower legs (over the anterior tibialis muscles). Heat pain ratings at both sites were not significantly different after injections with lidocaine or normal saline (p > 0.05).

Abbreviations: CFS, chronic fatigue syndrome; SD, standard deviation.