Table 1. Studies describing the mathematical constraints on F_ST.

Reference	Number of alleles	Number of subpopulations	Variable in terms of which constraints are reporteda
Hedrick (1999)	unspecified value $\ge 2$	$\mathrm{\infty }$	$H_{\mathrm{S}}$
Long and Kittles (2003)	unspecified value $\ge 2$	fixed finite value $\ge 2$	$H_{\mathrm{S}}$
Rosenberg et al. (2003)	2	2	δ
Hedrick (2005)	unspecified value $\ge 2$	fixed finite value $\ge 2$	$H_{\mathrm{S}}$
Maruki et al. (2012)	2	2	$H_{\mathrm{S}},$ M
Jakobsson et al. (2013)	unspecified value $\ge 2$	2	$H_{\mathrm{T}},$ M
Edge and Rosenberg (2014)	fixed finite value $\ge 2$	2	$H_{\mathrm{T}},$ M
This article	2	fixed finite value $\ge 2$	M

$H_{\mathrm{S}}$ and $H_{\mathrm{T}}$ denote the within-subpopulation and total heterozygosities, respectively. δ denotes the absolute difference in the frequency of a specific allele between two subpopulations, and M denotes the frequency of the most frequent allele.

^aInstead of heterozygosities $H_{\mathrm{S}}$ or $H_{\mathrm{T}},$ some studies consider homozygosities $J_{\mathrm{S}}=1-H_{\mathrm{S}}$ or $J_{\mathrm{T}}=1-J_{\mathrm{T}}.$