Table 2. Association between indices of microbiome diversity and weight gain, weight loss and dietary fibre intake.

	Weight gain		Weight loss		Fibre intake (in g)
	OR (s.e.)	P-value	OR (s.e.)	P-value	Beta (s.e.)	P-value
Shannon	0.84 (0.05)	9.3 × 10-4	1.13 (0.07)	0.03	0.01 (0.004)	0.002
Observed OTU counts	0.85 (0.05)	0.003	1.11 (0.06)	0.1	0.02 (0.01)	0.001
Simpson	0.90 (0.06)	0.05	1.11 (0.07)	0.1	0.01 (0.003)	0.011

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; OR, odds ratio; OTU, operational taxonomic unit; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.

Weight gain is defined as the top tertile of the change in BMI over time adjusted for age, gender, baseline BMI, calorie intake and physical activity. Weight loss is the bottom tertile. Analysis are adjusted for PPI and antibiotics use.