Table 3. OTUs of the gut microbiome associated with long-term weight gain (ORwtgn) showing the nominal association (P) adjusted for age, sex, smoking, calorie intake, physical activity and family relatedness and the FDR P-value (Q).

OTU (taxonomic assignment)	ORwtgn	s.e.	P-value	Q	aORwtgn	as.e.	aP-value	Beta Shannon	s.e.	P-value
Firmicutes; c_Clostridia; o_Clostridiales; f_Ruminococcaceae; g_; s_	0.79	0.05	5.8 × 10−5	0.03	0.87	0.05	0.018	0.48	0.02	1.9 × 10−81
Firmicutes; c_Clostridia; o_Clostridiales; f_; g_; s_	0.81	0.05	1.8 × 10−4	0.04	0.86	0.05	0.010	0.43	0.02	1.8 × 10−75
Firmicutes; c_Clostridia; o_Clostridiales; f_Ruminococcaceae; g_; s_	0.82	0.04	2.1 × 10−4	0.03	0.84	0.05	0.003	0.28	0.02	1.7 × 10−36
Firmicutes; c_Clostridia; o_Clostridiales; f_Ruminococcaceae; g_; s_	0.82	0.04	2.4 × 10−4	0.03	0.84	0.05	0.001	0.34	0.02	2.5 × 10−44
Firmicutes; c_Clostridia; o_Clostridiales; f_Ruminococcaceae; g_; s_	0.81	0.05	2.9 × 10−4	0.02	0.91	0.06	0.111	0.50	0.02	5.2 × 10−85
Bacteroidetes; c_Bacteroidia; o_Bacteroidales; f_Rikenellaceae; g_; s_	0.82	0.05	3.9 × 10−4	0.03	0.91	0.05	0.097	0.33	0.03	1.0 × 10−32
Bacteroidetes; c_Bacteroidia; o_Bacteroidales; f_Bacteroidaceae; g_Bacteroides; s_	1.22	0.07	4.3 × 10−4	0.03	1.18	0.06	0.002	−0.14	0.02	4.1 × 10−9
Firmicutes; c_Clostridia; o_Clostridiales; f_Ruminococcaceae; g_Oscillospira; s_	0.82	0.05	4.6 × 10−4	0.02	0.89	0.05	0.032	0.37	0.02	3.6 × 10−49
Firmicutes; c_Clostridia; o_Clostridiales; f_Lachnospiraceae; g_Lachnospira; s_	0.82	0.05	4.7 × 10−4	0.02	0.89	0.05	0.052	0.37	0.03	2.3 × 10−43

Abbreviations: FDR, false discovery rate; OR, odds ratio; OTU, operational taxonomic unit.

The association was then further adjusted for Shannon’s diversity index (aORwtgn). The association between the OTUs relative abundance and Shannon’s diversity index (beta Shannon, s.e. and P-value from linear regression).