Table 2. Association of cardiometabolic traits and strain measures.

	Longitudinal strain		Circumferential strain		Radial strain (short axis)		Radial strain (apical)
	estimate (s.e.)	P	estimate (s.e.)	P	estimate (s.e.)	P	estimate (s.e.)	P
Primary traits
Body mass index	0.37 (0.04)	<0.0001	-0.12 (0.07)	0.08	-0.04 (0.26)	0.87	-0.52 (0.10)	<0.0001
Triglycerides	0.20 (0.04)	<0.0001	-0.06 (0.07)	0.39	0.12 (0.27)	0.66	-0.05 (0.11)	0.63
HOMA-IR	0.36 (0.06)	<0.0001	-0.18 (0.11)	0.09	-0.33 (0.38)	0.39	-0.29 (0.15)	0.06
C-reactive protein	0.03 (0.04)	0.51	-0.11 (0.07)	0.11	0.24 (0.25)	0.35	-0.13 (0.10)	0.20
Secondary traits
Waist circumference	0.52 (0.10)	<0.0001	-0.41 (0.17)	0.01	0.68 (0.61)	0.26	-0.33 (0.24)	0.16
Fasting glucose	0.08 (0.05)	0.10	-0.23 (0.09)	0.01	0.45 (0.32)	0.15	-0.11 (0.12)	0.37
HDL cholesterol	-0.16 (0.05)	0.0006	-0.18 (0.08)	0.02	0.31 (0.28)	0.27	0.37 (0.11)	0.0009
Diabetes mellitus	0.14 (0.16)	0.38	0.84 (0.28)	0.003	-2.91 (1.02)	0.004	-0.51 (0.39)	0.19
Adiponectin	-0.10 (0.05)	0.06	0.17 (0.09)	0.04	0.04 (0.35)	0.90	0.07 (0.14)	0.64
Leptin	0.44 (0.08)	<0.0001	-0.03 (0.12)	0.81	0.66 (0.50)	0.19	-1.15 (0.20)	<0.0001
Leptin receptor	-0.08 (0.05)	0.06	-0.12 (0.07)	0.10	-0.75 (0.29)	0.01	0.32 (0.12)	0.006
Aldosterone/renin ratio	-0.05 (0.04)	0.24	-0.08 (0.07)	0.25	0.09 (0.28)	0.76	0.10 (0.11)	0.37

Beta estimate represents the change in echo variable (strain expressed in %) per 1-standard deviation change in continuous clinical traits, and for the presence versus absence of dichotomous traits. Multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment, diabetes mellitus, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations. Biomarkers are log-transformed.