Table 3.

Bivariable and multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects analyses of higher frequency of cannabis use among 122 illicit drug users reporting intentional use of cannabis to reduce crack use, Vancouver, Canada (2012–2015)

Variable	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) ‡€	p-value
Primary variable of interest
Cannabis use period*
Before	1.00		1.00
During	5.48 (3.10–9.68)	<0.001	4.72 (2.47–8.99)	<0.001
After	2.66 (1.61–4.40)	<0.001	2.63 (1.21–5.74)	0.015
Covariates
Age (per year older)£†	0.95 (0.91–0.99)	0.010	0.97 (0.91–1.04)	0.437
Male gender	1.30 (0.45–3.73)	0.624
Caucasian ethnicity	0.88 (0.35–2.24)	0.992
High school education or higher	1.11 (0.59–2.06)	0.753
Residency in the Downtown Eastside£	1.69 (0.85–3.36)	0.132
Seek treatment for crack£

^*Intentional use of cannabis to reduce crack use

^£Refers to the 6-month period prior to the interview

^†p-value <0.10 in bivariable analysis and included in the multivariable model

^‡Only the list of variables included in the multivariable model is presented in this column

^€Estimates also adjusted for calendar year of the interview and cohort designation