Table 3.
Dietary calcium intake and lung cancer survival in early stage cases (n=8013)a
| Dietary calcium intake, mg/d | Deaths / Cases, n | Hazard ratio (95% CI)
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
| All early stage lung cancer cases: | |||
| <500 or <600 | 928 / 1342 | 1.12 (1.01, 1.24) | 1.15 (1.04, 1.27) |
| 500–800 or 600–1000 | 2083 / 3065 | 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) | 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) |
| 800–1000 or 1000–1200 | 990 / 1442 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 1000–1500 or 1200–1800 | 1164 / 1660 | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.14) |
| >1500 or >1800 | 371 / 504 | 0.99 (0.88, 1.12) | 1.07 (0.95, 1.21) |
|
| |||
| Female: | |||
| <500 or <600 | 542 / 837 | 1.10 (0.95, 1.28) | 1.08 (0.92, 1.25) |
| 500–800 or 600–1000 | 1076 / 1727 | 1.09 (0.96, 1.24) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.17) |
| 800–1000 or 1000–1200 | 311 / 547 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 1000–1500 or 1200–1800 | 368 / 591 | 1.11 (0.95, 1.30) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.31) |
| >1500 or >1800 | 89 / 134 | 1.25 (0.98, 1.58) | 1.33 (1.05, 1.70) |
|
| |||
| Male: | |||
| <500 or <600 | 386 / 505 | 1.17 (1.01, 1.36) | 1.25 (1.08, 1.45) |
| 500–800 or 600–1000 | 1007 / 1338 | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) | 1.07 (0.97, 1.18) |
| 800–1000 or 1000–1200 | 679 / 895 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 1000–1500 or 1200–1800 | 796 / 1069 | 0.94 (0.85, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.90, 1.10) |
| >1500 or >1800 | 282 / 370 | 0.93 (0.80, 1.06) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) |
|
| |||
| Whites: | |||
| <500 or <600 | 507 / 691 | 1.12 (1.00, 1.26) | 1.16 (1.03, 1.31) |
| 500–800 or 600–1000 | 1673 / 2377 | 1.05 (0.97, 1.15) | 1.06 (0.97, 1.15) |
| 800–1000 or 1000–1200 | 873 / 1254 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 1000–1500 or 1200–1800 | 1103 / 1539 | 1.02 (0.93, 1.11) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) |
| >1500 or >1800 | 358 / 480 | 1.01 (0.89, 1.15) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.23) |
|
| |||
| Asians: | |||
| <500 or <600 | 363 / 548 | 1.15 (0.97, 1.35) | 1.20 (1.01, 1.43) |
| 500–1000 or 600–1200 | 326 / 562 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| >1000 or >1200 | 33 / 76 | 0.73 (0.50, 1.05) | 0.76 (0.52, 1.12) |
|
| |||
| Blacks: | |||
| <500 or <600 | 53 / 93 | 0.78 (0.55, 1.09) | 0.79 (0.55, 1.14) |
| 500–1000 or 600–1200 | 171 / 269 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| >1000 or >1200 | 25 / 47 | 0.60 (0.38, 0.95) | 0.77 (0.46, 1.27) |
|
| |||
| Never smokers: | |||
| <500 or <600 | 143 / 260 | 1.32 (0.94, 1.85) | 1.45 (1.01, 2.08) |
| 500–800 or 600–1000 | 204 / 410 | 1.06 (0.73, 1.41) | 1.12 (0.82, 1.53) |
| 800–1000 or 1000–1200 | 71 / 146 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 1000–1500 or 1200–1800 | 100 / 181 | 1.01 (0.73, 1.40) | 1.06 (0.76, 1.49) |
| >1500 or >1800 | 20 / 41 | 0.84 (0.50, 1.42) | 0.86 (0.50, 1.47) |
|
| |||
| Former / Current smokers: | |||
| <500 or <600 | 785 / 1082 | 1.09 (0.98, 1.21) | 1.12 (1.01, 1.25) |
| 500–800 or 600–1000 | 1879 / 2655 | 1.06 (0.91, 1.09) | 1.05 (0.97, 1.14) |
| 800–1000 or 1000–1200 | 919 / 1296 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 1000–1500 or 1200–1800 | 1064 / 1479 | 1.00 (0.91, 1.09) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.14) |
| >1500 or >1800 | 351 / 463 | 1.01 (0.89, 1.15) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.23) |
|
| |||
| Localized stage cases: | |||
| <500 or <600 | 293 / 579 | 1.14 (0.96, 1.37) | 1.16 (0.97, 1.40) |
| 500–800 or 600–1000 | 696 / 1346 | 1.12 (0.97, 1.29) | 1.12 (0.97, 1.29) |
| 800–1000 or 1000–1200 | 304 / 604 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 1000–1500 or 1200–1800 | 405 / 739 | 1.05 (0.91, 1.23) | 1.10 (0.95, 1.28) |
| >1500 or >1800 | 125 / 221 | 0.93 (0.75, 1.15) | 0.97 (0.78, 1.20) |
|
| |||
| Regional stage cases: | |||
| <500 or <600 | 635 / 763 | 1.07 (0.95, 1.21) | 1.10 (0.97, 1.25) |
| 500–800 or 600–1000 | 1387 / 1719 | 1.01 (0.91, 1.11) | 1.02 (0.93, 1.12) |
| 800–1000 or 1000–1200 | 686 / 838 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 1000–1500 or 1200–1800 | 759 / 921 | 1.00 (0.90, 1.11) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.12) |
| >1500 or >1800 | 246 / 283 | 1.10 (0.95, 1.27) | 1.11 (0.96, 1.29) |
a
The same covariates and calcium cut-offs as shown in the footnote of Table 2. P for interaction was 0.02 for calcium intake levels with sex, 0.68 with race/ethnicity, 0.70 with smoking, and 0.47 with stage.