The eukaryotic RNA exosome and cofactor complex are represented in the arrow. The RNA exosome core consists of a ring (Rrp41, Rrp42, Rrp43, Rrp45, Rrp46 and Mtr3) and a cap (Rrp4, Rrp40 and Csl4) structure and two catalytic subunits, Rrp6 and Dis3. General RNA exosome functions (black text) and newly identified functions (red text) are shown in the circle.