Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors predicting readmission after COPD of derivation cohort
| Characteristic | Univariate odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) | Multivariate odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||
| 40–64 | 1.20 (1.17–1.24)* | 1.17 (1.12–1.21)* |
| 65+ | Reference | Reference |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 1.14 (1.11–1.17)* | 1.16 (1.13–1.19)* |
| Female | Reference | Reference |
| Race | ||
| Caucasian | Reference | Reference |
| African American | 1.26 (1.21–1.31)* | 1.11 (1.06–1.16)* |
| Other | 0.89 (0.86–0.93) | 0.82 (0.78–0.85) |
| Income quartile | ||
| 1st | 1.21 (1.16–1.25)* | 1.10 (1.06–1.15)* |
| 2nd | 1.10 (1.05–1.14)* | 1.06 (1.02–1.10)* |
| 3rd | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) |
| 4th | Reference | Reference |
| Primary payer | ||
| Medicaid | 1.95 (1.85–2.06)* | 1.83 (1.73–1.93)* |
| Medicare | 1.36 (1.30–1.42)* | 1.45 (1.38–1.52)* |
| Private insurance | Reference | Reference |
| Self pay | 1.01 (0.90–1.13) | 0.89 (0.79–1.00) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| AIDS | 0.95 (0.68–1.32) | – |
| Alcohol abuse | 1.20 (1.13–1.28)* | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) |
| Anemia | 1.05 (1.02–1.09)* | 1.05 (1.02–1.09)* |
| Coagulopathy | 0.82 (0.74–0.89) | – |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.06 (1.03–1.09)* | 1.06 (1.02–1.09)* |
| Depression | 1.18 (1.13–1.22)* | 1.18 (1.14–1.23)* |
| Diabetes | 1.06 (1.03–1.09)* | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) |
| Drug abuse | 1.44 (1.35–1.53)* | 1.17 (1.09–1.25)* |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorder | 0.89 (0.86–0.93) | – |
| Hypertension | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) | – |
| Hypothyroidism | 0.90 (0.87–0.94) | – |
| Liver disease | 1.15 (1.07–1.25)* | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) |
| Lymphoma | 0.86 (0.72–1.02) | – |
| Metastatic cancer | 0.77 (0.69–0.87) | – |
| Neurological disorder | 0.91 (0.86–0.96) | – |
| Obesity | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | – |
| Paralysis | 0.82 (0.74–0.92) | – |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 1.21 (0.77–1.89) | – |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 0.92 (0.88–0.97) | – |
| Psychoses | 1.31 (1.25–0.38)* | 1.19 (1.13–1.25)* |
| Pulmonary circulation disorder | 0.67 (0.54–0.82) | – |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 0.84 (0.80–0.88) | – |
| Renal failure | 0.83 (0.80–0.87) | – |
| Solid tumor without metastasis | 1.09 (1.01–1.17)* | 1.07 (1.00–1.16) |
| Valvular disease | 0.79 (0.74–0.83) | – |
| Weight loss | 0.99 (0.92–1.06) | – |
Notes:
*
Statistically significant at P-value <0.01. Anemia combines chronic blood loss anemia and iron deficiency anemia. Diabetes combines complicated and uncomplicated diabetes. “–” indicates that the factor was not significant in univariate analysis and therefore not included in the multivariate analysis.