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Bacterial biofilm formation on sample discs.
Notes: Ti, TNS, and UV-TNS discs were incubated with A. oris strain MG-1 for 6 hours, and biofilm formation was evaluated by crystal violet staining (***P<0.001).
Abbreviations: A. oris, Actinomyces oris; TNS, titanium with nanonetwork structures; UV-TNS, ultraviolet-treated titanium with nanonetwork structures; OD, optical density.
