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. 2017 Jun 28;12:4633–4646. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S136273

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© 2017 Zhang et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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ALP activity, osteocalcin production, and calcium deposition in cells grown on sample discs.

Notes: rBMMSCs were cultivated on Ti, TNS, and UV-TNS discs for up to 28 days, and the levels of (A) ALP activity (7 and 14 days), (B) osteocalcin production (21 and 28 days), and (C) calcium deposition (21 and 28 days) were evaluated as described in the “Materials and methods” section (***P<0.001; **P<0.01; *P<0.05).

Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; rBMMSCs, rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; TNS, titanium with nanonetwork structures; UV-TNS, ultraviolet-treated titanium with nanonetwork structures.