Table 4.
Associations between variables and HSV2 seropositivity in men, Germany 2008–2011
| Variables | N | Weighteda prevalence % | (95% CI) | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRb (95% CI) | p-value | PRc (95% CI) | p-value | ||||
| Age group (years) | |||||||
| 18–24 | 222 | 1.2 | (0.4–3.9) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 25–34 | 283 | 2.8 | (1.4–5.3) | 2.3 (0.6–9.0) | 0.247 | 2.0 (0.5–7.8) | 0.314 |
| 35–44 | 343 | 4.3 | (2.2–8.2) | 3.5 (0.9-13.9) | 0.075 | 3.1 (0.8–12.0) | 0.100 |
| 45–54 | 477 | 9.4 | (6.3–13.8) | 7.7 (2.5–24.0) | 0.000 | 5.4 (1.7–17.1) | 0.004 |
| 55–64 | 418 | 11.4 | (8.2–15.7) | 9.3 (2.8–31.2) | 0.000 | 6.9 (2.1–23.1) | 0.002 |
| 65+ | 685 | 11.0 | (8.1–14.8) | 9.0 (2.6–31.1) | 0.001 | d | d |
| CASMIN educational classification | |||||||
| Low | 806 | 8.7 | (6.4–11.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.768 | − | − |
| Medium | 1069 | 5.7 | (4.3–7.5) | 0.7 (0.4-1.1) | 0.109 | − | − |
| High | 538 | 8.2 | (5.8–11.4) | Ref | Ref | − | − |
| Income | |||||||
| Low | 656 | 6.1 | (4.3–8.6) | Ref | Ref | − | − |
| Medium | 1414 | 7.2 | (5.7–9.2) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 0.374 | − | − |
| High | 358 | 9.5 | (6.1–14.4) | 1.6 (0.9-2.8) | 0.127 | − | − |
| Employment situation | |||||||
| Worker | 844 | 7.9 | (5.8–10.7) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 0.890 | − | − |
| Employee | 773 | 8.1 | (6.0–10.9) | Ref | Ref | − | − |
| Civil servant | 183 | 7.0 | (3.7–12.8) | 0.9 (0.4–1.7) | 0.659 | − | − |
| Free-lance/self-reliant | 293 | 8.5 | (5.6–12.5) | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 0.880 | − | − |
| Family worker | 4 | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Other | 64 | 0.9 | (0.1–6.5) | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) | 0.031 | − | − |
| Smoking, currently | |||||||
| Daily | 524 | 6.3 | (4.3–9.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 0.761 | − | − |
| Occasionally | 151 | 3.8 | (1.7–8.2) | 0.6 (0.2-1.3) | 0.182 | − | − |
| No, not anymore | 899 | 9.0 | (6.8–11.7) | 1.3 (1.0-1.8) | 0.089 | − | − |
| Never smoked | 843 | 6.8 | (5.1–9.0) | Ref | Ref | − | − |
| Number of other children in household during childhood | |||||||
| 0 | 257 | 5.5 | (3.2–9.3) | Ref | Ref | − | − |
| 1–2 | 999 | 5.8 | (4.3–7.9) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | 0.839 | − | − |
| > 2 | 1172 | 8.9 | (7.2–11.1) | 1.6 (0.9-2.8) | 0.087 | − | − |
| Visit of nursery during childhoodd | |||||||
| No | 561 | 10.8 | (7.9–14.5) | 2.4 (1.7–3.5) | 0.000 | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 0.036 |
| Yes | 1153 | 4.4 | (3.4–5.8) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| HSV1 serostatus | |||||||
| HSV1 seronegative | 548 | 6.5 | (4.6–9.0) | Ref | Ref | − | − |
| HSV1 seropositive | 1880 | 7.4 | (6.0–9.1) | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | 0.494 | − | − |
| Degree of urbanization | |||||||
| Rural | 435 | 6.5 | (3.2–12.6) | Ref | Ref | − | − |
| Provincial | 620 | 6.1 | (3.9–9.4) | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) | 0.875 | − | − |
| Urban | 712 | 7.7 | (5.7–10.3) | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | 0.660 | − | − |
| Metropolitan | 661 | 7.9 | (6.2–10.2) | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | 0.582 | − | − |
| Region of residence | |||||||
| West Germany | 1675 | 6.6 | (5.2–8.4) | Ref | Ref | − | − |
| East Germany (including Berlin) | 753 | 9.2 | (7.0–11.9) | 1.4 (1.0-2.0) | 0.070 | − | − |
| German mother tongue | |||||||
| Yes | 151 | 7.4 | (6.1–8.9) | Ref | Ref | − | − |
| No | 2256 | 5.7 | (3.2–9.9) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.394 | − | − |
| Number of sexual partners in last 12 months | |||||||
| None | 486 | 8.3 | (5.5–12.3) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 0.594 | − | − |
| 1 | 1613 | 7.3 | (5.8–9.1) | Ref | Ref | − | − |
| 2–3 | 155 | 5.3 | (2.6–10.7) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 0.395 | − | − |
| > 3 | 73 | 6.9 | (2.8–16.2) | 0.9 (0.4–2.4) | 0.905 | − | − |
| Use of condoms | |||||||
| Generally | 289 | 2.7 | (1.5–4.9) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Occasionally | 314 | 6.8 | (4.2–10.8) | 2.5 (1.1–5.7) | 0.024 | 2.3 (1.0–5.1) | 0.050 |
| No | 1454 | 8.0 | (6.4–9.9) | 3.0 (1.6–5.5) | 0.001 | 1.7 (0.9–3.2) | 0.105 |
| N/a | 275 | 9.9 | (5.7–16.5) | 3.7 (1.6–8.6) | 0.003 | 1.6 (0.6–4.7) | 0.345 |
In italics: PR is statistically significant (p < 0.05)
aWe used survey weights to account for deviations of the survey sample from the sampling parameters (i.e. age, sex, region, urban/rural region, community size, citizenship and education)
bIf a p-value was <0.2 in the univariable analysis, we included that variable in a stepwise forward variable selection to find a suitable multivariable model
cAdjusted prevalence rates (PR) of variables which stayed in the final model (p-value ≤0.05) are reported
dMen older than 65 years of age were not asked whether they visited a nursery