Table 2.
Patient characteristics and hospital outcomes by substance exposure.a
| Substance exposure (N = 858) | No substance exposure (N = 435) | P value | Odds ratioa | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||||
| Agec | 37 (26–48) | 27 (16–46) | 0.000 | ||
| Gender (male)b | 716 (83.4%) | 316 (72.6%) | 0.000 | ||
| Injury severity scorec | 12 (6–19) | 10 (5–17) | 0.000 | ||
| Use of helmetb | 111 (13.2%) | 94 (22.7%) | 0.000 | 1.92 | 1.41–2.60 |
| Admission injuries | |||||
| Skinb | 718 (83.9%) | 357 (82.1%) | 0.410 | ||
| Musculoskeletalb | 596 (69.6%) | 276 (63.4%) | 0.027 | 1.31 | 1.03–1.67 |
| Traumatic brain injuryb | 577 (67.2%) | 243 (55.9%) | 0.000 | 1.63 | 1.28–2.07 |
| Spinal injuryb | 11 (1.3%) | 8 (1.8%) | 0.435 | ||
| Peripheral nervous systemb | 27 (3.2%) | 6 (1.4%) | 0.056 | ||
| Genitourinaryb | 45 (5.3%) | 12 (2.8%) | 0.039 | 1.97 | 1.02–3.73 |
| Gastro intestinalb | 101 (11.8%) | 42 (9.7%) | 0.246 | ||
| Cardiovascularb | 15 (1.8%) | 7 (1.6%) | 0.851 | ||
| Eye-ocular adnexab | 23 (2.6%) | 10 (2.3%) | 0.676 | ||
| Thoracic-lungb | 359 (41.9%) | 170 (39.1%) | 0.324 | ||
| Outcomes | |||||
| Hospital Length of stay >3(d)b | 366 (52.1%) | 136 (43.3%) | 0.009 | 1.43 | 1.09–1.86 |
| ICU Length of stay >2(d)b | 182 (50.6%) | 60 (54.5%) | 0.464 | ||
| Incidence of ICU admissionb | 457 (53.3%) | 148 (34.0%) | 0.000 | 2.21 | 1.73–2.80 |
| Hospital cost >$18,187.88b | 499 (58.9%) | 208 (48.0%) | 0.000 | 1.55 | 1.23–1.96 |
| Mortalityb | 24 (2.8%) | 8 (1.8%) | 0.295 | ||
| Mortality and vegetative stateb | 26 (3.2%) | 8 (1.9%) | 0.204 | ||
| Moderate and worseb | 98 (12.1%) | 33 (8.0%) | 0.029 | 1.57 | 1.04–2.37 |
Boldface indicates statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05).
a
Unadjusted odds ratio.
b
n (%).
c
Median (Interquartile Range).