Table 1.

Social modulation of threat responses (stress, fear, anxiety). Individuals can combine direct and indirect/social information to assess the presence of threat in the environment and respond accordingly, resulting in different social phenomena.

Direct information	Social information	Threat response	Social phenomena
+	0	++	Individual threat response
+	−	+	Social buffering
−	+	+	Social contagion
+	+	+++	Social facilitation