Table 1.
Key flowering genes in orchids.
| Orchids | Gene Name | Accession No. | Homologa | Refsb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phalaenopsis | PaFT1 | KJ609179 | The PaFT1 protein showed 70%, 76% and 89% identity to Arabidopsis FT (BAA77838), rice Hd3a (BAB61030), and Oncidium orchid OnFT (ACC59806), respectively. | 32 |
| Oncidium | OnFT | KJ909968 | OnFT cDNA encodes a 176 amino acid protein that shows 70% and 79% identity to Arabidopsis FT (AT1G65480) and rice Hd3a (Os06g0157700), respectively. | 33 |
| Cymbidium | CgFT | HM120863 | The CgFT protein was 94% with OnFT (EU583502) from Oncidium Gower Ramsey, 79% with Hd3a (BAB61028.1) from Oryza sativa, and 74% with FT (BAA77838.1) from Arabidopsis thaliana. | 42 |
| Cypripedium | CfFT | CFTC014733 | The partial CfFT align 155 amino acids and showed 82.58% identity to wheat TaFT (ABK32205). | Orch |
| Phalaenopsis | PaFD | KJ609180 | PaFD protein shows 34.7% identity to Arabidopsis FD (AT4G35900). | 32 |
| Dendrobium | DnFD | DNTC011756 | The partial DnFD align 169 amino acids and showed 65.1% and 32.2% identity to Phalaenopsis FD (KJ609180) and Arabidopsis FD (AT4G35900), respectively. | Vect |
| Phalaenopsis | PhalCOL | FJ469986 | The PhalCOL protein showed 46% and 45% identity to Arabidopsis COL4 (Q940T9.2) and rice Hd1 (ABB17664), respectively. | 31 |
| Cymbidium | CeCOL | CETC010739 | The CeCOL protein showed 84.5%, 34.9%, and 36.3% identity to Phalaenopsis COL (FJ469986), Arabidopsis CO (AT5G15840) and rice Hd1 (Os06g0275000), respectively. | Vect |
| Cypripedium | CfFLC | CFTC002458 | The partial CfFLC align 145 amino acids and showed 45.5% identity to Arabidopsis FLC (AT5G10140) and 41.2% with wheat TaAGL33 (ABF57950). | Orch Vect |
| Oncidium | OgFLC | OGTC046040 | The partial OgFLC align 145 amino acids and showed 44.8% identity to Arabidopsis FLC (AT5G10140) and 38.6% with wheat TaAGL33 (ABF57950).. | Orch Vect |
| Cypripedium | CfVRN2 | CFTC009002 | The partial CfVRN2 align 106 amino acids and showed 50% identity to wheat VRN2 (AAS58481). | Orch |
| Phalaenopsis | PmVRN2 | PMTC002168 | The partial PmVRN2 align 142 amino acids and showed 41.55% identity to wheat VRN2 (AAS58481). | Orch |
| Dendrobium | DOSOC1 | KC121576 | DOSOC1 shared 52% sequence identity with Arabidopsis SOC1 (AT2G45660), and 57% identity to Oryza sativa OsSOC1 (Os03g0122600). | 39 |
| Phalaenopsis | PlSOC1 | PLTC039163 | PlSOC1 shared 87.9%, 48.4%, and 54.3% identity to Dendrobium (KC121576), Arabidopsis (AT2G45660) and rice (Os03g0122600), respectively. | Vect |
| Dendrobium | DnAGL19 | KU373056 | DnAGL19 protein shows 48% identity to Arabidopsis AGL19 (AT4G22950). | 4 |
| Oncidium | OnTFL1 | KM233713 | OnTFL1 encodes a 173 amino acid protein that shows 71% and 79% identity to Arabidopsis TFL1 (AT5G03840) and rice OsFDR1 (AF159883), respectively. | 33 |
| Vanilloideae | VpTFL1 | VPTC023176 | The partial VpTFL1 align 160 amino acids and showed 81.8%, 69.9%, and 83.6% identity to Oncidium TFL1 (KM233713), Arabidopsis TFL1 (AT5G03840) and rice FDR1 (AF159883), respectively. | Vect |
| Cymbidium | CfAPl1 | JQ031272.1 | CfAPl1 shared 45% sequence identity with Arabidopsis AP1 (AT1G69120), and 52% identity to Oryza sativa OsMADS14 (Os03g0752800). | 43 |
| Phalaenopsis | PsAP1 | PSTC034274 | The PsAP1 protein showed 55.8%, 47.6% and 58.3% identity to Cymbidium AP11 (JQ031272.1), Arabidopsis AP1 (AT1G69120) and rice MADS14 (Os03g0752800), respectively. | Vect |
| Doritaenopsis | DnVRN1 | DNTC013820 | The partial DnVRN1 align 251 amino acids and showed 61.75% identity to wheat VRN1 (AAZ76881). | Orch |
| Phalaenopsis | PaVRN1 | PATC201550 | The partial PaVRN1 align 250 amino acids and showed 60.4% identity to wheat VRN1 (AAZ76881). | Orch |
| Cymbidium | ChLFY | AGE45851 | The ChLFY protein showed 51% and 48% identity to Arabidopsis LFY (AT5G61850) and rice RFL (Os04g0598300), respectively. | Vect |
| Phalaenopsis | PhalLFY | FJ469985 | PhalLFY protein has 60% identity to rice RFL (BAA21547), 54% identity to Arabidopsis LFY (NP_200993), and a high identity with LFY (68% and 67%) from Anacamptis (BAC55081) and Orchis (BAC54955), respectively. | 44 |
| Phalaenopsis | PhapLFY | KP893636 | PhapLFY protein has 78.5% identity to ChLFY (AGE45851), a Cymbidium orchid LFY homolog, 53.2% identity to RFL (BAA21547), a rice LFY homolog, and 47.0% identity to Arabidopsis LFY (AAM27941). | 35 |
| Doritaenopsis | DhEFL2 | KP728997 | DhEFL homologs showed that DhEFL4 (KP010003) and DhEFL2 (KP728997) are similar with 72% identical amino acids, whereas DhEFL3 (KP728998) is divergent with 72% similarity with DhEFL2 and 68% similarity with DhEFL4. | 45 |
| Doritaenopsis | DhEFL3 | KP728998 | The DhEFL3 protein showed 31.4% identity to Arabidopsis ELF4 (AT2G40080). | Vect |
| Doritaenopsis | DhEFL4 | KP010003 | The DhEFL4 protein showed 37% identity to Arabidopsis ELF4(AT2G40080). | Vect |
| Phalaenopsis | PsEhd1 | PSTC018079 | The partial PsEhd1 align 266 amino acids and showed 40% identity to rice Ehd1 (Os10g0463400). | Orch |
| Cymbidium | CsEhd1 | CSTC008880 | The partial CsEhd1 align 263 amino acids and showed 49.5% identity to rice Ehd1 (Os10g0463400). | Orch |
a
The homology is based on each reference and Orchidstra 2.0, a transcriptome database of orchid species (http://orchidstra2.abrc.sinica.edu.tw/orchidstra2/orchid_blast.php). Amino acid sequences of flowering in Arabidopsis, rice and wheat were obtained from GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Orchidstra 2.0.
b
Orch, homology gained through Orchidstra 2.0; Vect, homology gained by analysis using Vector NTI program.