. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Radiol Rep. 2017 Feb 21;5(3):15. doi: 10.1007/s40134-017-0207-y

Table 1. Pathways for clinical translation of PET/MR studies for pediatric cancer staging.

(Imaging protocol will require *whole body scan or ** whole body scan plus dedicated scan of primary tumor or ^#customized scan, which could be a local scan only or an extended scan, as deemed appropriate for a given patient)

Current Clinical Practice	Clinical Translation	Future Clinical Practice
Lymphoma: ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT before, during and after therapy	Validate equivalence of Deauville and Lugano Criteria for ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MR for staging and therapy response assessment	¹⁸F-FDG PET/MR before, during and after therapy*
Soft Tissue Sarcoma: ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT before, during and after therapy	Validate equivalence of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and PET/MR-derived SUV and Recist criteria for staging and therapy response assessment	¹⁸F-FDG PET/MR before, during and after therapy**
Bone Sarcoma: Local MRI, Chest CT and Bone scan	Validate equivalence of conventional staging and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MR for staging and therapy response assessment	¹⁸F-FDG PET/MR before, during and after therapy**
Melanoma and Carcinoma: ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT before, during and after therapy	Validate equivalence of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and PET/MR for staging and re-staging	¹⁸F-FDG PET/MR before, during and after therapy**
Hepatoblastoma/HCC: MRI and bone scan before, during and after therapy	Evaluate if and for whom ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MR may provide additional information. Define indications for a local, extended or whole body scan.	MRI and bone scan before, during and after therapy; ¹⁸F- FDG PET/MR in selected patients with multifocal or extrahepatic disease^#
Wilm’s Tumor: MRI or CT scan	Evaluate if and for whom ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MR may provide additional information. Define indications for a local, extended or whole body scan.	MRI before, during and after therapy; ¹⁸F-FDG PET/MR in selected patients with extra-renal or recurrent disease^#
Neuroblastoma: MRI or CT scan, MIBG scan, Bone scan	Compare diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of PET-radiotracers with classical ¹²³I-MIBG scan	¹²⁴I-MIBG PET/MR scan before, during and after therapy**
Germ Cell Tumors (GCT): MRI or CT scan, rarely ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for malignant tumors	Validate equivalence of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and PET/MR for staging and therapy response assessment of malignant GCT	¹⁸F-FDG PET/MR before, during and after therapy for selected cases of malignant GCT**