Table 1.
Characteristics of adolescent smokers age ≈16, full sample and by class, (N = 176).
| Demographic variables | Full sample (N = 176) | Extended range use (N = 29) | Limited range use (N = 147) | Difference by classa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [M(SD)] | 16.10 (0.96) | 16.0 (0.83) | 16.1 (0.99) | p = 0.47 |
| Male (n, %) | 61, 34.7 | 13, 44.8 | 48, 32.7 | p = 0.21 |
| Race/ethnicity (n, %) | p = 1.00 | |||
| White | 47, 26.7 | 8, 27.6 | 39, 26.5 | p = 0.68 |
| More than one race | 43, 24.4 | 12, 31.0 | 46, 23.1 | p = 0.14 |
| Black | 36, 20.5 | 4, 13.8 | 32, 21.8 | p = 0.75 |
| Hispanic | 35, 19.9 | 5, 17.2 | 30, 20.4 | p = 0.81 |
| Maternal educational attainment (n, %) | p = 1.00 | |||
| ≤High school graduate | 68, 39.1 | 11, 44.5 | 57, 37.7 | p = 0.90 |
| ≤College graduate >high school graduate | 64, 36.8 | 14, 48.3 | 50, 34.5 | p = 0.16 |
| Graduate/professional degree | 18, 10.3 | 2, 6.9 | 16, 11.0 | p = 0.50 |
| Don’t know/does not apply/missing | 24, 13.8 | 2, 6.9 | 22, 15.2 | p = 0.24 |
| Cigarette smoking characteristics | ||||
| Age at first cigarette [M(SD)] | 14.10 (1.60) | 14.15 (1.57) | 13.90 (1.45) | p = 0.43 |
| Number of days smoked on out of last 30 [M(SD)] | 18.00 (10.46) | 20.0 (10.54) | 17.6 (10.40 | p = 0.25 |
| Cigarettes smoked per day [M(SD)] | 2.99 (2.99) | 3.52 (3.20) | 2.88 (2.95) | p = 0.30 |
| Usually smoke the whole cigarette (n, %) | 81, 46.3 | 19, 65.5 | 62, 42.5 | p = 0.023 |
| mFTQb [M(SD)] | 2.51 (1.40) | 2.86 (1.64) | 2.44 (1.34) | p = 0.20 |
| Ever quit smoking for at least one day (yes) (n, %) | 112, 64.0 | 17, 58.6 | 95, 65.1 | p = 0.79 |
| Number of lifetime quit attempts [M(SD)] | 5.60 (14.40) | 7.44 (19.85) | 5.23 (13.11) | p = 0.49 |
| Perceived self-efficacy to quit smoking [M(SD)] | 3.16 (0.93) | 3.12 (1.14) | 3.10 (0.98) | p = 0.96 |
| Perceived self-efficacy to reduce smoking [M(SD)] | 3.11 (1.01) | 3.19 (1.06) | 3.15 (0.91) | p = 0.84 |
| Drug use frequenciesc | ||||
| Number of drugs reported to be in “current use” [M(SD)] | 2.02 (0.97) | 3.28 (0.65) | 1.77 (0.82) | p <0.001 |
| Current other tobacco use (n, %) | 79, 44.9 | 19, 65.5 | 60, 40.8 | p = 0.015 |
| Current alcohol use (n, %) | 117, 68.0 | 24, 82.8 | 93, 65.0 | p = 0.10 |
| Current marijuana use (n, %) | 130, 76.0 | 23, 79.3 | 107, 75.4 | p = 0.83 |
| Current harder drug use (n, %) | 29, 17.7 | 29, 100 | 0, 0 | p <0.001 |
| Depressive Symptoms Scale Score [M(SD)] | ||||
| CESD-Rd | 15.34 (9.04) | 18.61 (9.69) | 14.67 (8.80) | p = 0.035 |
Bold type indicates statistical significant p-value.
a
p-Values reported for χ2 difference in proportion (n, %) or independent samples t-test for equality of means, significance (2-tailed) [M(SD)].
b
Modified Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire.
c
Categories are not mutually exclusive.
d
Center for epidemiologic studies, depression-revised.