Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the WHI OS + CT cohort by total physical activity at baseline

	Total physical activity in MET hours per week at baseline
Variable	0 to <100	100 to <500	500 to <1,200	1,200+	p Values
Total	28,332	36,596	36,278	28,195
Age at baseline					<0.0001
<50 to 59	10,028	11,923	11,471	9,247
	35.39	32.58	31.62	32.80
60–69	12,475	16,468	16,640	12,996
	44.03	45.00	45.87	46.09
70 to 79+	5,829	8,205	8,167	5,952
	20.57	22.42	22.51	21.11
Age at baseline					<0.0001
Age in years	62.84	63.34	63.46	63.17
(mean, SD)	7.21	7.24	7.17	7.14
Race/ethnicity					<0.0001
American Indian or Alaskan Native	135	141	117	105
	0.48	0.39	0.32	0.37
Asian or Pacific Islander	760	1,000	1,026	823
	2.67	2.73	2.83	2.92
Black or African-American	3,221	3,207	2,256	1,548
	11.37	8.76	6.22	5.49
Hispanic/Latino	1,259	1,328	967	749
	4.44	3.63	2.67	2.66
White (not of Hispanic origin)	22,631	30,493	31,530	24,665
	79.88	83.32	86.91	87.48
Other	326	427	382	305
	1.15	1.17	1.05	1.08
BMI at baseline					<0.0001
<25	6,456	11,418	14,679	13,842
	22.79	31.20	40.46	49.09
25 to <30	9,042	13,036	13,007	9,662
	31.91	35.62	35.85	34.27
30+	12,834	12,142	8,592	4,691
	45.30	33.18	23.68	16.64
BMI at baseline					<0.0001
BMI	30.21	28.39	27.05	25.99
(mean, SD)	6.70	5.88	5.39	4.89
Education					<0.0001
Primary	560	509	299	216
	1.98	1.39	0.82	0.77
Some HS	1,449	135,3	858	603
	5.11	3.70	2.37	2.14
HS	6,397	6,809	5,497	3,441
	22.58	18.61	15.15	12.20
Some college	11,239	14,256	13,367	9,939
	39.67	38.96	36.85	35.25
College	2,576	3,791	4,396	3,666
	9.09	10.36	12.12	13.00
Graduate	6,111	9,878	11,861	10,330
	21.57	26.99	32.69	36.64
History of cancer					0.31
No history of cancer	25,821	33,258	32946	25,572
	91.14	90.88	90.82	90.70
History of cancer	2,511	3,338	3,332	2,623
	8.86	9.12	9.18	9.30
History of asthma					<0.0001
No history of asthma	25,739	33,788	33,595	26,202
	90.85	92.33	92.60	92.93
History of asthma	2,593	2,808	2,683	1,993
	9.15	7.67	7.40	7.07
History of emphysema or chronic bronchitis					<0.0001
No history of emphysema or chronic bronchitis	26,850	35,233	35,163	27,466
	94.77	96.28	96.93	97.41
History of emphysema or chronic bronchitis	1,482	1,363	1,115	729
	5.23	3.72	3.07	2.59
Vitamin D from diet and supplements at baseline					<0.0001
<400 IU	17,530	20,973	18,901	13,974
	61.87	57.31	52.10	49.56
> =400 IU	10,802	15,623	17,377	14,221
	38.13	42.69	47.90	50.44
Main occupation (missing N = 4216)					<0.0001
Managerial/professional	9,808	14,469	16,094	13,330
	35.98	40.86	45.73	48.78
Technical/sales/admin	9,028	11,319	10,117	7,045
	33.12	31.97	28.75	25.78
Service/labor	5,629	6,166	5,452	4,232
	20.65	17.41	15.49	15.49
Homemaker only	2,794	3,453	3,527	2,722
	10.25	9.75	10.02	9.96
Alcohol consumption at baseline					<0.0001
Non drinker	3,926	4,360	3,514	2,135
	13.86	11.91	9.69	7.57
Past drinker	6,672	7,059	5,684	4,226
	23.55	19.29	15.67	14.99
<1 drink per month	4,480	4,846	4,271	2,803
	15.81	13.24	11.77	9.94
<1 drink per week	5,615	7,736	7,600	5,741
	19.82	21.14	20.95	20.36
1 to <7 drinks per week	5,224	8,904	10,450	8,885
	18.44	24.33	28.81	31.51
7 + drinks per week	2,415	3,691	4,759	4,405
	8.52	10.09	13.12	15.62
Smoking status					<0.0001
Never smoker	1,4842	19,691	18,812	13,984
	52.39	53.81	51.86	49.60
Former smoker, <=3 cigarettes/day	5,434	7,760	8,637	7,276
	19.18	21.20	23.81	25.81
Former smoker, 4–7 cigarettes/day	5,175	6,308	6,845	5,668
	18.27	17.24	18.87	20.10
Current smoker	2,881	2,837	1,984	1,267
	10.17	7.75	5.47	4.49
Red meat consumption at baseline					<0.0001
Servings/day	0.82	0.73	0.64	0.56
(mean, SD)	0.67	0.58	0.55	0.51
Fruit consumption at baseline					<0.0001
Servings/day	1.51	1.79	2.01	2.25
(mean, SD)	1.13	1.18	1.22	1.31
Vegetable consumption at baseline					<0.0001
Servings/day	1.82	2.08	2.29	2.56
(mean, SD)	1.13	1.20	1.28	1.41
Hormone therapy use at baseline					<0.0001
Never used	13,224	16,397	14,873	11,178
	46.68	44.81	41.00	39.65
Past user	4,613	5,849	5,736	4,330
	16.28	15.98	15.81	15.36
Current user	10,495	14,350	15,669	12,687
	37.04	39.21	43.19	45.00
Oral contraceptive use ever at baseline					<0.0001
No	16,537	21,561	20,961	15,923
	58.37	58.92	57.78	56.47
Yes	11,795	15,035	15,317	12,272
	41.63	41.08	42.22	43.53
Incident lung cancer during main trial					<0.0001
No	27,751	36,008	35,743	27,751
	97.95	98.39	98.53	98.43
Yes	581	588	535	444
	2.05	1.61	1.47	1.57
Death during main trial					<0.0001
No	24,407	32190	32,492	25,588
	86.15	87.96	89.56	90.75
Yes	3,925	4,406	3,786	2,607
	13.85	12.04	10.44	9.25
Death due to lung cancer after lung cancer diagnosis during main trial					<0.0001
No	27,920	36,214	35,970	27,932
	98.55	98.96	99.15	99.07
Yes	412	382	308	263
	1.45	1.04	0.85	0.93
HT trial arm					<0.0001
Not randomized to HRT	22,745	30,307	31,059	24,464
	80.28	82.82	85.61	86.77
E-alone intervention	1,203	1,237	930	579
	4.25	3.38	2.56	2.05
E-alone control	1,168	1,296	950	616
	4.12	3.54	2.62	2.18
E+P intervention	1,646	1,874	1,694	1,264
	5.81	5.12	4.67	4.48
E+P control	1,570	1,882	1,645	1,272
	5.54	5.14	4.53	4.51
CaD trial arm					<0.0001
Not randomized to CaD	20,954	27,961	29,055	23,305
	73.96	76.40	80.09	82.66
Intervention	3,692	4,294	3,677	2,456
	13.03	11.73	10.14	8.71
Control	3,686	4,341	3,546	2,434
	13.01	11.86	9.77	8.63
DM trial arm					<0.0001
Not randomized to DM	18,277	25,014	26,766	22,240
	64.51	68.35	73.78	78.88
Intervention	4,020	4,645	3,812	2,390
	14.19	12.69	10.51	8.48
Control	6,035	6,937	5,700	3,565
	21.30	18.96	15.71	12.64
OS/CT
CT	13,700	15,917	13,410	8,923
	48.36	43.49	36.96	31.65
OS	14,632	20,679	22,868	19,272
	51.64	56.51	63.04	68.35

Note: WHI Cohort N = 161808 → Has follow-up data N = 161116 → Has physical activity data at baseline N → 145659 meet inclusion criteria (no history of lung cancer and no missing covariates) N = 129401.