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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 27.
Published in final edited form as: Br Dent J. 2017 Jan 27;222(2):113–119. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.78

Table 4.

Adjuncts used to assist with cannulation

Cannulation adjunct Number of patients Total
None 133 172
Ethyl chloride spray 32
Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetic (EMLA) 4
Nitrous oxide/oxygen 3