Table 4.
Associations between Socioeconomic Status in 2010 and Self-Rated Health in 2012 among Chinese Adults (18–70 years old; N = 17,877)
| HOPIT |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ordered Probit | Unscaled | Scaled | |||
| Age (Ref: 61–70) | |||||
| 18–30 | 1.04*** | (0.04) | 1.44*** | (0.05) | 1.14 |
| 31–40 | 0.69*** | (0.03) | 1.01*** | (0.04) | 0.80 |
| 41–50 | 0.43*** | (0.03) | 0.67*** | (0.04) | 0.54 |
| 51–60 | 0.16*** | (0.03) | 0.29*** | (0.04) | 0.23 |
| Male (Ref: female) | 0.16*** | (0.02) | 0.31*** | (0.03) | 0.24 |
| Marital status (Ref: married) | |||||
| Single | 0.12** | (0.03) | 0.12** | (0.05) | 0.09 |
| Divorced/Widowed | −0.07 | (0.04) | −0.02 | (0.06) | −0.01 |
| Education (Ref: none) | |||||
| Primary school | 0.02 | (0.03) | 0.09* | (0.04) | 0.07 |
| Junior high school | 0.10** | (0.03) | 0.26*** | (0.04) | 0.20 |
| Senior high school or above | 0.04 | (0.04) | 0.11* | (0.05) | 0.09 |
| Verbal test | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 | (0.00) | 0.00 |
| Annual family income per capita (logged) | 0.03** | (0.01) | 0.04** | (0.01) | 0.03 |
| Family wealth (percentile scaled to 0–1) | 0.25*** | (0.04) | 0.42*** | (0.05) | 0.34 |
| Family cadre/party member (Ref: no) | 0.05** | (0.02) | 0.07** | (0.03) | 0.06 |
| Urban (Ref: rural) | −0.06** | (0.02) | −0.10*** | (0.03) | −0.08 |
| Smoking (Ref: no) | 0.03 | (0.02) | 0.03 | (0.03) | 0.03 |
| Drinking alcohol (Ref: no) | 0.16*** | (0.02) | 0.21*** | (0.03) | 0.17 |
| Physical exercise (Ref: no) | 0.06** | (0.02) | 0.08** | (0.02) | 0.06 |
| County GDP per capita (logged) | 0.00 | (0.01) | −0.01 | (0.02) | −0.01 |
| Constant | — | −2.76*** | (0.17) | −2.20 | |
| Σ | — | 1.26*** | (0.01) | — | |
| Regional fixed effects | Yes | Yes | |||
Notes: Ref = reference. Self-rated health is coded as 1 = poor; 2 = fair; 3 = good; 4 = very good; and 5 = excellent. Robust standard errors that adjust for individuals clustered within families are shown in parentheses.
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01;
***
p < 0.001.