Table 2.
Breathing pattern, respiratory drive, gas exchange, pressurization and triggering performance and patient-ventilator synchrony
| Friedman test (p value) | PSP | NAVA | PSN | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breathing pattern and respiratory drive | ||||
| RRmec (breaths/min) | 0.606 | 23.9 (18.7; 30.6) | 26.7 (19.5; 30.6) | 27.4 (18.4; 31.7) |
| RRneu (breaths/min) | 0.931 | 25.7 (18.6; 32.9) | 26.2 (19.6; 30.7) | 26.4 (19.3; 30.8) |
| TImec (sec) | 0.168 | 0.71 (0.58; 0.87) | 0.83 (0.61; 1.11) | 0.82 (0.66; 1.04) |
| TIneu (sec) | 0.606 | 0.75 (0.56; 1.10) | 0.74 (0.59; 1.10) | 0.75 (0.59; 0.96) |
| TI/TTOTmec | 0.030 | 0.30 (0.27; 0.33) | 0.33 (0.31; 0.40)* | 0.34 (0.29; 0.41)# |
| TI/TTOTneu | 0.606 | 0.32 (0.26; 0.37) | 0.32 (0.28; 0.38) | 0.30 (0.26; 0.34) |
| Pawpeak | 0.607 | 19.3 (15.1; 21.1) | 18.8 (15.4; 21.0) | 19.0 (15.2; 20.5) |
| Leaks % | 0.395 | 21.4 (8.9; 43.2) | 35.9 (15.2; 47.6) | 23.2 (11.5; 61.9) |
| PIF (l/sec) | 0.109 | 1.12 (0.85; 1.42) | 1.05 (0.71; 1.22) | 1.20 (0.77; 1.38) |
| PIFtime (sec) | <0.001 | 0.41 (0.34–0.48) | 0.41 (0.33–0.58) | 0.22 (0.19–0.26)#§ |
| EAdipeak (μV) | 0.257 | 13.7 (7.7; 21.2) | 15.3 (8.4; 25.7) | 12.6 (6.9; 19.3) |
| Gas exchange | ||||
| pH | 0.4576 | 7.43 (7.40; 7.45) | 7.43 (7.40; 7.45) | 7.43 (7.40; 7.45) |
| PaCO2 | 0.5134 | 44.1 (36.2; 50.3) | 44.4 (36.1; 51.5) | 43.8 (38.2; 50.8) |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 0.5103 | 213.6 (197.9; 224.0) | 214.6 (188.1; 238.0) | 214.4 (199.0; 226.2) |
| Pressurization and triggering performance | ||||
| PTP300-index (%) | 0.004 | 24.7 (4.3; 32.7) | 25.3 (19.9; 34.0) | 42.0 (32.5; 46.5)#§ |
| PTP500-index (%) | 0.001 | 44.2 (23.3; 52.1) | 46.4 (33.4; 56.6) | 62.6 (54.1; 67.9)#§ |
| PTP200 (cmH2O/sec) | 0.001 | 86.7 (77.5; 112.5) | 62.1 (45.7; 81.9)* | 85.0 (69.6; 127.4)§ |
| PTPt (cmH2O/sec) | <0.001 | 9.45 (5.89; 12.31) | 0.89 (0.23; 3.23)* | 0.59 (0.16; 2.33)# |
| ΔPtrigger (cmH2O) | <0.001 | −1.16 (−1.40; −0.87) | −0.36 (−0.78; −0.11)* | −0.32 (−0.71; −0.11)# |
| Patient ventilator synchrony | ||||
| DelayTR-insp (sec) | <0.001 | 0.13 (0.08; 0.27) | 0.07 (0.03; 0.06)* | 0.05 (0.04; 0.06)# |
| DelayTR-exp (sec) | 0.395 | 0.13 (0.05; 0.22) | 0.10 (0.09; 0.14) | 0.11 (0.10; 0.12) |
| Timesynch/TIneu | 0.010 | 0.79 (0.70; 0.88) | 0.90 (0.86; 0.94)* | 0.94 (0.89; 0.98)# |
| AI% (%) | <0.001 | 6.6 (0.0; 23.4) | 0.0 (0.0; 0.0)* | 0.0 (0.0; 0.0)# |
PS P pneumatically triggered and cycled-off pressure support, NAVA neurally adjusted ventilatory assist, PS N neurally controlled pressure support, RR mec ventilator respiratory rate, RR neu patient’s respiratory rate, TI mec inspiratory time of the ventilator, TI neu inspiratory time of the patient, TI/TOT mec ventilator inspiratory duty cycle, TI/TOT neu patient’s inspiratory duty cycle, Paw peak peak airway pressure, PIF peak inspiratory flow, PIF time time to reach the PIF, EAdi electrical activity of the diaphragm, EAdi peak peak value of EAdi, PaCO 2 arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PaO 2/FiO 2 ratio between arterial partial pressure and inspired fraction of oxygen, PTP pressure time product, PTP 300-index PTP of the first 300 ms since the effort of the patient indexed to the ideal PTP, PTP 500-index PTP of the first 500 ms since the effort of the patient indexed to the ideal PTP, PTP 200 PTP of the first 200 ms since the beginning of pressurization, PTPt PTP of the trigger, ΔP trigger drop of pressure during triggering phase, Delay TR-insp inspiratory trigger delay, Dealy TR-exp expiratory trigger delay, Time synch/TI neu synchronous time between respiratory effort and ventilator assistance, indexed to the TIneu, AI% asynchrony index. *p < 0.017 PSP vs. NAVA, # p < 0.017 PSP vs. PSN, § p < 0.017 NAVA vs. PSN