Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects
| Demographics | HC | CID patients | Group difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years); range 21–62 | 40.80±10.55 | 41.37±10.20 | P=0.84 |
| Gender (female/male) | 14/11 | 11/13 | P=0.50 |
| Education level (years) | 13.32±3.44 | 12.54±2.62 | P=0.38 |
| Disease duration (months) | – | 4.95±1.62 | – |
| PSQI | 2.44±1.66 | 14.08±3.26 | P<0.00a |
| HAMD | 7.08±4.18 | 16.79±5.67 | P<0.00a |
| Number of words generated during VFT | |||
| Vegetables | 9.52±2.78 | 9.70±2.89 | P=0.81 |
| Family applications | 9.24±1.66 | 8.58±1.38 | P=0.14 |
| Four-foot animals | 8.92±1.99 | 8.87±1.96 | P=0.97 |
| Fruits | 8.8±1.88 | 9.37±2.14 | P=0.35 |
Notes: Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation or n/n.
a
Significant difference between CID and HC groups.
Abbreviations: CID, chronic insomnia disorder; HAMD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; HC, healthy controls; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; VFT, verbal fluency tasks.