A: 18s rRNA phylogeny of diatoms including pennates (pink rectangle), centrics (blue rectangle). Highlighted in red are the four strains induced into sexual reproduction in this study. Species for which some evidence already exists for sexual reproduction are starred [9, 13, 16, 28, 33, 38]. B-D: Changes in DNA and chlorophyll fluorescence in exponential (EXP), stationary (STA) and late stationary (L-STA) growth phases of T. pseudonana induced by ammonium; 30,000 events recorded, representative of two biological replicates. E: Coulter Counter distributions of cell diameter for T. pseudonana cultures in exponential phase of growth and maintained in NaNO3 (red) and after six successive 25% transfers to medium with ammonium (blue). Each new culture was allowed to remain in stationary phase for three days before the next 25% transfer was made. Single replicates of cultures with cell densities of 2.4 x 106 ml-1 (NaNO3) and 2.3 x 106 ml-1 (ammonium). Dashed lines are the mode for each peak.