Fig. 2: Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the family Orchidaceae, reconstructed based on whole chloroplast genomes A. Whole chloroplast genome alignment of 23 orchid species representing four subfamilies, Cypripedioideae, Epidendroideae, Orchidoideae and Vanilloideae, in the family Orchidaceae. Each genome panel contains the name, the sequence coordinates for the genome, and a single black horizontal centre line with coloured block outlines appearing above and below. Each block is homologous and internally free of genomic rearrangement and is connected by lines to similarly coloured blocks depicting comparative homology across genomes. B. Phylogenetic trees from the whole genome alignment matrix yielded monophyletic groupings of the four orchid families. Posterior probability/bootstrap values are indicated near the nodes, which are quite supportive of the overall tree topology. The taxon-wise GenBank accession numbers for the published sequences are as follows: Corallorhiza mertensiana (NC_025661.1), Corallorhiza odontorhiza (NC_025664.1), Cymbidium ensifolium (NC_028525.1), Cymbidium kanran (NC_029711.1), Cymbidium sinense (NC_021430.1), Cypripedium formosanum (NC_026772.1), Cypripedium japonicum (NC_027227.1), Dendrobium chrysotoxum (NC_028549.1), Dendrobium huoshanense (NC_028430.1), Dendrobium nobile (NC_029456.1), Dendrobium officinale (NC_024019.1), Dendrobium pendulum (NC_029705.1), Dendrobium strongylanthum (NC_027691.1), Dendrobium nobile NE_India (KX377961), Goodyera fumata (NC_026773.1), Goodyera procera (NC_029363.1), Masdevallia coccinea (NC_026541.1), Masdevallia picturata (NC_026777.1), Paphiopedilum armeniacum (NC_026779.1), Paphiopedilum niveum (NC_026776.1), Phalaenopsis aphrodite (NC_007499.1), Phalaenopsis equestris (NC_017609.1), and Vanilla planifolia (NC_026778.1).