Table 2.

Characteristics of TBI during Military Service

	M (SD)
Average age at time of injury	26.1 (7.1)
Characteristic	TBI during service, No. (%) (n = 191)
Mechanism of injury
Blast or explosion (RPG, landmine, IED, grenade)	63 (33.1)
Object hitting head or head hitting object	61 (31.7)
Fall	26 (13.5)
Vehicular accident/crash (including aircraft)	17 (8.7)
Knocked out by another person	12 (6.2)
Fragment or bullet wound above the shoulder	1 (0.5)
Other	11 (5.6)
Lost consciousness	87 (45.6)
Skull fracture	7 (3.8)
Required brain surgery	1 (0.5)
Immediate symptoms following TBI
Dazed, confused, or “seeing stars”	172 (90.0)
Dizziness	125 (65.5)
Blurred vision	104 (54.5)
Loss of coordination	96 (50.5)
Ruptured eardrums	25 (13.0)
Severity of TBI
Mild	167 (87.3)
Moderate/Severe	24 (12.7)
Post-traumatic amnesia	37 (19.2)
Problems beginning or getting worse after TBI
Headaches	111 (57.9)
Memory problems/lapses	92 (48.0)
Sleep problems	83 (43.5)
Irritability	76 (39.7)
Balance problems or dizziness	56 (29.4)
Sensitivity to bright light	55 (29.1)