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. 2017 Jul 7;7:4852. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04941-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Some blast-exposed rats exhibit tinnitus behavior, while there were no observed differences in hearing impairment between tinnitus(+) and tinnitus(−) rats. (a,b) Gap-detection (a) and PPI ratio values (b) are shown for both pre-blast and post-blast week 5 for the tinnitus(+), tinnitus(−), and control (ctrl) groups. Tinnitus(+) rats exhibited moderate tinnitus between 10–16 kHz and robust tinnitus at 26–28 kHz. No significant increases in post-blast PPI ratio values were seen for any group. The dotted line indicates a ratio value of 1, or maximum tinnitus (GAP) or auditory detection deficits (PPI). (c) ABR thresholds were measured in response to click and tone-burst stimuli before blast exposure and at 5 weeks after blast exposure. Despite some moderate differences, there were no significant threshold differences between any group for any ear, time point, or frequency. (d) ABR wave P1-N1 amplitudes were plotted as a function of sound intensity in blast-exposed and plug-protected ears for the tinnitus(+), tinnitus(−), and control groups. Amplitude reductions in blast-exposed ears were observed across most intensities in tinnitus(+) and tinnitus(−) rats compared to controls. No significant differences, however, were found in plug-protected ears. For all graphs, error bars represent the standard error of the mean. * indicates specific significance (p < 0.05).