Table 2.

Ks values and estimated divergence time of 10 Araliaceae species.

Species		Divergence time (MYA)b
		PG	PQ	PJ	PV	PN	AU	AE	Esen	ES	DM
Average Ks a	PG		0.72	3.41	3.30	3.05	8.41	8.28	8.70	9.37	8.27
	PQ	0.0014		3.30	3.18	2.93	8.28	8.15	8.57	9.32	8.06
	PJ	0.0068	0.0066		1.69	3.15	8.85	8.72	9.20	9.95	8.72
	PV	0.0066	0.0064	0.0034		3.01	8.62	8.53	8.98	9.74	8.48
	PN	0.0061	0.0059	0.0063	0.0060		8.46	8.26	8.82	9.58	8.38
	AU	0.0168	0.0166	0.0177	0.0172	0.0169		3.20	8.33	9.13	8.11
	AE	0.0166	0.0163	0.0174	0.0171	0.0165	0.0064		8.30	9.09	7.96
	ESen	0.0174	0.0171	0.0184	0.0180	0.0176	0.0167	0.0166		2.98	4.10
	ES	0.0187	0.0186	0.0199	0.0195	0.0192	0.0183	0.0182	0.0060		4.85
	DM	0.0165	0.0161	0.0174	0.0170	0.0168	0.0162	0.0159	0.0082	0.0097

^aAverage Ks values between common cp protein coding genes of each species calculated using KaKs calculator program. ^bDivergence time was estimated by Ks/2λ, where λ = 1.0 × 10⁻⁹. PG to DM indicate abbreviated species name (Table 1).