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. 2017 Jul 7;7:4923. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04968-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fluvoxamine treatment enhanced histological outcomes in spinal cords of EAE rats. In order to detect inflammatory infiltration and demyelination, serial sections were analyzed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (A–C) and Luxol Fast Blue staining (D–F). (A) Inflammatory infiltration with extensive perivascular cuffing was limited and decreased in fluvoxamine treated EAE rats, in comparison to EAE control rats. (B) Infiltrated cells are shown without background tissue, a modification from panel (A). (C) Infiltration of immune cells was significantly reduced in fluvoxamine group, compared to vehicle (****p < 0.0001). (D,E) Red arrows indicates demyelination area which is reduced in fluvoxamine group, compared to EAE vehicle rats. (F) Quantitative analysis for percent of demyelination area of total white matter using Luxol Fast Blue staining. Fluvoxamine induced a reduction in demyelination area (0.81%), compared to vehicle (0.34%). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM from seven rats per group.