Table 2.
Comparison of demographic data and clinical course between good responders and moderate/poor responders (N = 80)
| Variables | Good responders (N = 27) | Moderate/poor responders (N = 53) | Group difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statistics | p value | |||
| Sex, male, N (%) | 10 (37.0) | 13 (24.5) | χ 2 = 1.366 | 0.299 |
| Age at study entry, years, mean (SD) | 37.0 (9.1) | 34.5 (7.3) | t = −1.368 | 0.175 |
| Age at onset, years, mean (SD)a | 24.9 (8.7) | 23.3 (6.3) | t = −0.789 | 0.435 |
| Duration of illness until using the index mood stabilizer, years, mean (SD) | 6.07 (4.2) | 5.42 (5.5) | t = −0.551 | 0.583 |
| Diagnosis, BD-I, N (%) | 21 (77.8) | 44 (83.0) | χ 2 = 0.323 | 0.570 |
| Index medication, N (%) | FE | 0.143 | ||
| Lithium | 6 (22.2) | 13 (24.5) | ||
| Valproate | 20 (74.1) | 30 (56.6) | ||
| Both lithium and valproate | 1 (3.7) | 10 (18.9) | ||
| Duration of index mood stabilizer treatment, months, mean (SD) | 73.0 (36.4) | 71.0 (33.1) | t = −0.249 | 0.804 |
| Polarity at the first episode, (hypo)manic, N (%) | 13 (48.2) | 28 (52.8) | χ 2 = 0.157 | 0.692 |
| Predominant polaritya | χ 2 = 0.161 | 0.922 | ||
| Manic predominant | 8 (32.0) | 18 (35.3) | ||
| Depressive predominant | 5 (20.0) | 11 (21.6) | ||
| Undetermined | 12 (48.0) | 22 (43.1) | ||
| Number of episodes before using index mood stabilizer, mean (SD) | ||||
| Major depressive episodes | 1.4 (1.1) | 1.2 (1.3) | t = −0.630 | 0.531 |
| Manic episodesb | 1.3 (1.2) | 0.9 (0.8) | t = −1.284 | 0.207 |
| Hypomanicb | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.1 (0.3) | t = −1.994 | 0.056 |
| Mixed episodesb | 0.12 (0.3) | 0.5 (1.2) | t = 2.278 | 0.026 |
| Family history of psychiatric disorders, N (%)c | 16 (59.3) | 32 (60.4) | χ 2 = 0.009 | 0.923 |
| Family history of mood disorders, N (%)d | 8 (29.6) | 20 (37.7) | χ 2 = 0.517 | 0.472 |
| Number of hospitalization before using index mood stabilizer treatment, mean (SD) | 1.4 (1.2) | 1.6 (1.2) | t = 1.849 | 0.622 |
| Current smoker, N (%) | 5 (20.8) | 8 (21.6) | χ 2 = 0.005 | 0.941 |
| CGI-BPe, severity of overall bipolar illness | 1.6 (0.8) | 3.2 (0.9) | t = 7.876 | 0.000 |
BD-I bipolar I disorder, FE Fisher’s exact test, SD standard deviation
a N = 76
bEqual variance not assumed
cEvaluated in second-degree relatives
dEvaluated in second-degree relatives, including those with major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders
eClinical global impressions scale for use in bipolar illness