Table 4.
Fatty acid and tocopherol compositions of grape seeds
| Fatty acids (%) | Razaki* | Razaki** | Razaki*** | Müşküle* | Müşküle** | Müşküle*** | Cardinal* | Cardinal** | Cardinal*** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palmitic | 8.965 ± 0.180****b | 9.797 ± 0.028a | 8.668 ± 0.072b | 6.234 ± 0.082b | 6.233 ± 0.078b | 6.284 ± 0.007a | 8.084 ± 0.035a | 7.458 ± 0.010b | 7.608 ± 0.048b |
| Stearic | 4.754 ± 0.055c***** | 4.757 ± 0.018b | 4.787 ± 0.013a | 5.435 ± 0.018a | 5.253 ± 0.002a | 4.995 ± 0.014b | 3.832 ± 0.006a | 3.626 ± 0.008b | 3.558 ± 0.003c |
| Oleic | 17.414 ± 0.206b | 19.366 ± 0.009a | 17.208 ± 0.015b | 18.112 ± 0.028b | 18.129 ± 0.019b | 18.336 ± 0.023a | 16.118 ± 0.018a | 14.112 ± 0.013b | 13.959 ± 0.002c |
| Linoleic | 67.511 ± 0.118a | 64.532 ± 0.065b | 67.969 ± 0.037a | 69.094 ± 0.033c | 69.242 ± 0.051a | 69.148 ± 0.040b | 70.618 ± 0.053b | 73.483 ± 0.008a | 73.571 ± 0.038a |
| Arachidic | 0.171 ± 0.008b | 0.183 ± 0.003a | 0.171 ± 0.002b | 0.188 ± 0.002a | 0.184 ± 0.001b | 0.181 ± 0.000c | 0.147 ± 0.000a | 0.134 ± 0.001c | 0.137 ± 0.001b |
| Linolenic | 0.281 ± 0.137a | 0.122 ± 0.008c | 0.145 ± 0.009b | 0.121 ± 0.001a | 0.120 ± 0.003b | 0.120 ± 0.001b | 0.129 ± 0.003a | 0.121 ± 0.000c | 0.123 ± 0.003b |
| Tocopherols (mg/g) | Razaki* | Razaki** | Razaki*** | Müşküle* | Müşküle** | Müşküle*** | Cardinal* | Cardinal** | Cardinal*** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-Tocopherol | –# | – | 0.213 ± 0.574 | 0.176 ± 0.068a | 0.138 ± 0.028c | 0.148 ± 0.029b | 0.140 ± 0.002c | 0.150 ± 0.047b | 0.179 ± 0.997a |
| β-Tocopherol | 0.125 ± 0.042b | 0.130 ± 0.102c | 0.146 ± 0.667a | – | 0.119 ± 0.001b | 0.145 ± 0.077a | 0.191 ± 0.113b | 0.116 ± 0.029b | 0.157 ± 0.570a |
| γ-Tocopherol | 0.110 ± 0.091b | 0.107 ± 0.079c | 0.121 ± 0.156a | – | 0.107 ± 0.035b | 0.112 ± 0.165a | 0.123 ± 0.066a | 0.107 ± 0.058c | 0.111 ± 0.030b |
| δ-Tocopherol | 0.253 ± 0.311c | 0.358 ± 0.099b | 0.425 ± 0.811a | – | – | – | 0.288 ± 0.048b | 0.409 ± 0.091a | – |
# Not detected; * harvest; ** harvested one week ago; *** harvested two weeks ago; **** each value is expressed as mean ± standard deviation; ***** values in each rows with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05)