Figure 1.
The workflow of this study consisted of three steps: First, motion capture data, ground reaction forces, and fluoroscopy images were collected for walking on level ground, walking down stairs, and chair rise/sit activities for six subjects (left figures). Knee joint loads were calculated from subject-specific simulations in OpenSim using a musculoskeletal model that was modified to transmit forces of the quadriceps through the patella to the tibia (center figures). Estimated knee loads were combined with knee kinematics measured using fluorosocopy and then applied to a finite element model of the subject’s TKA implants to determine contact mechanics (right figures).