Table 2. Physiological indicators of epidermal barrier function in different sites.

	Full-face group	Cheek group	Nasal group	Perioral group	Health control
Forehead
Oil content (µg m−2)	70.98 ± 51.45	66.82 ± 52.49	87.79 ± 61.94	88.63 ± 46.93	55.55 ± 10.30
Water content	51.09 ± 14.19	50.59 ± 16.88	52.23 ± 12.95	55.38 ± 12.30	58.52 ± 7.08
Melanin	183.81 ± 41.28	178.37 ± 37.88	233.30 ± 69.09	204.84 ± 51.93	192.74 ± 32.11
Haemoglobin	407.87 ± 76.97a	376.82 ± 56.36	393.77 ± 89.48	383.31 ± 60.72	342.62 ± 69.99
TEWL (g m−2 h−1)	8.21 ± 9.92	9.22 ± 6.58	5.04 ± 2.79	6.72 ± 2.31	5.24 ± 1.82
pH	5.16 ± 0.65	5.22 ± 0.29	5.14 ± 0.41	5.44 ± 0.44	5.11 ± 0.40
Cheek
Oil content (µg m−2)	46.89 ± 40.08	39.88 ± 30.20	53.83 ± 41.37	60.45 ± 44.11	40.11 ± 16.40
Water content	50.59 ± 16.32a	47.64 ± 20.11	53.32 ± 16.27	55.56 ± 12.21	61.74 ± 14.27
Melanin	156.60 ± 48.20b	137.27 ± 53.2b	189.95 ± 44.68	161.39 ± 39.43b	147.22 ± 31.84b
Haemoglobin	439.96 ± 81.9a,b	408.52 ± 97.56a	360.03 ± 95.04a	424.90 ± 77.42a	277.07 ± 52.67
TEWL (g m−2 h−1)	9.99 ± 9.95a,b	10.47 ± 7.68b	5.12 ± 2.81	6.74 ± 2.52	6.05 ± 4.67
pH	5.33 ± 0.64	5.41 ± 0.29	5.12 ± 0.34	5.59 ± 0.33	5.24 ± 0.42
Nose
Oil content (µg m−2)	94.06 ± 63.22b	112.44 ± 68.64	116.55 ± 65.72	81.25 ± 23.07	57.11 ± 18.82b
Water content	41.55 ± 17.39a	45.95 ± 12.24	45.88 ± 13.57	49.12 ± 9.24	53.77 ± 9.35
Melanin	214.86 ± 42.61b	215.26 ± 34.59b	235.51 ± 63.60	206.25 ± 30.12b	203.60 ± 36.51b
Haemoglobin	442.36 ± 87.68b	443.00 ± 79.41	547.51 ± 116.68	463.9 ± 37.57	373.77 ± 62.84b
TEWL (g m−2 h−1)	7.52 ± 5.59	6.50 ± 3.29	7.63 ± 4.22	6.92 ± 2.06	5.20 ± 2.31
pH	5.21 ± 0.65	5.00 ± 0.27	5.06 ± 0.23	5.38 ± 0.3	5.02 ± 0.35
Chin
Oil content (µg m−2)	71.24 ± 51.02	60.11 ± 44.16	86.91 ± 64.18	66.45 ± 32.01	48.77 ± 10.83
Water content	56.10 ± 12.42a	57.81 ± 13.10	52.58 ± 15.15	38.38 ± 10.34d	64.95 ± 13.60
Melanin	214.46 ± 48.21b	207.87 ± 51.72b	259.45 ± 57.92	217.60 ± 59.05b	215.55 ± 44.56b
Haemoglobin	487.01 ± 89.49a	459.36 ± 64.45	464.47 ± 85.28	520.31 ± 67.08a	412.92 ± 74.72
TEWL (g m−2 h−1)	9.57 ± 5.61a,b	10.58 ± 6.26	6.93 ± 3.54	14.03 ± 5.50a,b,c	4.78 ± 3.03
pH	5.25 ± 0.64	5.24 ± 0.32	5.06 ± 0.29	5.48 ± 0.35	5.01 ± 0.52

Notes.

Abbreviations

TEWL

transepidermal water loss

^aP < 0.05, compared with the health control group, ANOVA, LSD Multiple comparison.

^bP < 0.05, compared with the nasal group, ANOVA, LSD Multiple comparison.

^cP < 0.05, compared with the full face group, ANOVA, LSD Multiple comparison.

^dP < 0.05, compared with the other groups, ANOVA, LSD Multiple comparison.