Table 1.
Previous studies investigating brain differences in idiopathic PD using VBM. Studies were considered as accounting for TICV if TICV or total brain volume was used as a covariate or if regional brain volume was divided by TICV or total brain volume.
| Paper | N | Disease Duration (Yrs) |
H&Y | UPDRS III | Covariates | Regions of Significance | Significance Threshold |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burton et al 2004 | 31 | 3.6; 2.9 | 25.8; 11.1 | TICV | None | p<.001 uncorrected | |
| Beyer et al 2007 | 20 | 12.0; 6.3 | 2.4; 0.6 | NA | Age, Sex | right superior temporal gyrus; None after familywise correction |
FWE p<.05 based on # of voxels in ROI |
| Ramirez-Ruiz et al 2007 | 20 | 10.6; 4.3 | 2.5; .7 | 24.5; 14 | TICV, Cognition, Symptom Severity |
right frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus |
p<.001; only p<.05 FWE corrected reported |
| Dalaker et al 2010 | 10 | 2.7; .5-7 | NA | 19.2; 11.4 | Age, Sex, TICV, Symptom Severity |
None | p<.05; FDR corrected |
| Jubault et al 2009 | 23 | 6.33; 3.93 | NA | 29.07; 8.97 | Age, Sex, Grey Matter Volume |
None | p<.05; FDR corrected |
| Martin et al 2009 | 26 | 3.0; 1.7 | 1.5; .5 | 15.8; 6.9 | Age, Sex, TICV | None | p<.05; FDR corrected; one-tailed; k>30 |
| Kostic et al 2010 | 24 | 5 (1-19 range) | 2 (1-3 range) | 19 (10-35 range) | Age, Sex, TICV | bilateral frontal and parietal lobes | p<.05 uncorrected; k>20 |
| Nishio et al 2010 | 27 | 3.7; 2.9 | 2.5; .5 | 18.3; 8.0 | Age, Sex, TICV | medial frontal, perisylvian, posterior lateral temporal, medial occipital |
p<.001; 100 voxels |
| Meppelink et al 2011 | 11 | 7.9; 2.4 | NA | NA | Grey Matter Volume | left occipital, left parietal, left temporal, left frontal orbicularis, angular gyrus |
p<.001; considered significant if survived familywise correction |
| Agosta et al 2013 | 13 | 10.0; 7.1 | 2.4; 0.7 | 28.3; 11.4 | TICV | None | p<.05; FWE corrected |
| Lee et al 2013 | 40 | 3.1; 3.2 | 1.8; 0.7 | 17.7; 10.7 | None | frontal and parieto-occipital regions | p<.05 FWE corrected |
| Lin et al 2013 | 10 | 2.85; 2.47 | 2.20; .26 | 22.5; 8.29 | None | lentiform nucleus, insula, middle frontal gyrus, cerebellum |
p<.05 FWE corrected, k<=30 |
| Summerfield et al 2013 | 13 | 10.61; 7.41 | 2.73; 0.72 | 24.5; 12.04 | None | right hippocampus, left anterior cingulate gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus |
p<.001 uncorrected; k>10 voxels |
| Xia et al 2013 | 32 | 1-11 yrs | 1.98; 0.81 | NA | None | bilateral temporal lobe, bilateral occipital lobe, bilateral parietal lobe, bilateral frontal lobe, bilateral insular lobe, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral amygdale, right uncus, cerebellum |
p<.005 uncorrected; k>200 voxels |
| Planetta et al 2015 | 14 | 5.9; 5.5 | NA | 29.6; 5.3 | Gray Matter Volume | None | p<.005 uncorrected; k=1611 |