Table 3.

Moderated multiple mediation: Indirect effect of Social Adversity (X) on General Antisocial Behavior (Y) through Autonomic Nervous System measures (M) as moderated by Gender (V)

Variable Model (n = 298)
Outcome	Predictor	B	SE	t-Value	p-Value
Independent variable to mediator
ANS
HR (M1)	SA	−4.606	2.185	−2.108	0.036*
HRV (M2)	SA	0.246	0.104	2.370	0.018*
PEP (M3)	SA	2.932	3.665	0.800	0.424
Mediator to dependent variable
General Antisocial Behavior
HR		−0.079	0.024	−3.268	0.001**
HRV		−0.975	0.497	−1.960	0.051
PEP		−0.005	0.011	−0.427	0.670
Gender		−5.460	2.199	−2.483	0.014*
HR × Gender		0.039	0.015	2.657	0.008*
HRV × Gender		0.478	0.309	1.545	0.123
PEP × Gender		0.004	0.007	0.567	0.571
SA		0.754	0.220	3.432	0.001**
Direct Effect of X on Y
B		SE	t-Value	p-Value	95% CI
0.754		0.220	3.432	0.001*	[0.322, 1.187]
Conditional Indirect Effects at Each Level of the Moderator
	Males			Females
Mediator	B	SE	95% CI	B	SE	95% CI
HR	0.185	0.112	[0.023, 0.474]	0.006	0.052	[−0.087, 0.135]
HRV	−0.122	0.084	[−0.351, −0.009]	−0.005	0.060	[−0.131, 0.114]
PEP	−0.002	0.020	[−0.059, 0.028]	0.011	0.029	[−0.019, 0.122]
Index of Moderated Mediation
Mediator	Index		SE		95% CI
HR	−0.179		0.121		[−0.515, −0.017]
HRV	0.117		0.104		[−0.016, 0.408]
PEP	0.012		0.035		[−0.026, 0.142]

Bootstrap samples =10,000. Boldface type denotes significant mediation effect

B unstandardized regression coefficients, SE standard error, SA social adversity, ANS autonomic nervous system, HR heart rate, HRV heart rate variability, PEP pre-ejection period

^**p ≤ 0.01

^*p ≤ 0.05, two-tailed