Table 5.

Adjusted ORs for mortality (risk-adjusted mortality) in patients with rib fractures (adapted from TARN predictive model)

		OR	95% CI		p Value
			Upper	Lower
ISS(FracPoly)	ISS_1	1.14	1.09	1.21	0.000
	ISS_2	0.99	0.98	1.00	0.003
Age (years)	16–44	Ref
	45–54	1.73	1.20	2.49	0.003
	55–64	1.92	1.31	2.82	0.001
	65–75	4.43	3.10	6.31	<0.001
	>75	18.09	13.12	24.94	<0.001
Gender	Male	Ref
	Female	1.01	0.65	1.58	0.958
Age/gender interaction	16–44#Female	Ref
	45–54#Female	0.97	0.46	2.03	0.931
	55–64#Female	1.06	0.50	2.23	0.888
	65–75#Female	1.25	0.67	2.34	0.477
	>75#Female	0.83	0.50	1.37	0.455
GCS	GCS 15	Ref
	GCS 13–14	1.89	1.49	2.38	<0.001
	GCS 9–12	3.85	2.77	5.35	<0.001
	GCS 6–8	4.49	2.91	6.92	<0.001
	GCS 4–5	12.66	7.84	20.44	<0.001
	GCS=3	32.66	24.61	43.35	<0.001
	Intubated	20.72	10.76	39.88	<0.001
Charlson Score	0	Ref
	1–5	1.81	1.47	2.22	<0.001
	6–10	2.47	1.83	3.32	<0.001
	>10	4.51	3.11	6.54	<0.001
	Not recorded	3.16	2.52	3.97	<0.001
Injury pattern	Isolated chest injury	Ref
	Polytrauma	1.01	0.78	1.31	0.925
Type of rib fracture	Other ribs	Ref
	First rib	0.97	0.79	1.19	0.780

AUROC 0.879 (95% CI 0.869 to 0.890).

The age/gender interaction term (Age#Female) refers to the ratio of odds of death between males and females for each age group. Both age/gender interaction and fractional polynomial transformation of ISS were included in the model as these are part of the PS14 model, which was used to calculate adjusted mortality in our sample.

Fracpoly, fractional polynomial transformation; ISS, Injury Severity Score; TARN, UK Trauma Audit and Research Network.