Semi-structured interviews |
Trained assessors rate behavioral, cognitive, and affective experiences based on information provided by respondents |
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Eating Disorder Examination6
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14+*
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I would like you to describe any times when you have felt that you have eaten too much at one time.
When you were eating, did you have a sense of loss of control at the time?
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Eating Disorders Assessment for DSM-5104
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18+ |
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Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders: Patient Edition105
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18+ |
Have you often had times when your eating was out of control?
During these times, do you often eat within any 2 hour period what most people would regard as an unusual amount of food?
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Structured Interview for Anorexic and Bulimic Syndromes106
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18+ |
Did you experience episodes of binge eating during which you ate a large amount of food in a relatively short period of time in the last 3 months or in the past?
Did you experience a sense of lack of control over your eating behavior during the binges in the last 3 months or in the past?
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Self-report questionnaires |
Respondents read and independently respond to written questions |
Low cost
Rapid administration
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Binge Eating Scale107
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18+ |
(a) I usually am able to stop eating when I want to. I know when “enough is enough;” (b) Every so often, I experience a compulsion to eat which I can’t seem to control; (c) Frequently, I experience strong urges to eat which I seem unable to control, but at other times I can control my eating urges; (d) I feel incapable of controlling urges to eat. I have a fear of not being able to stop eating voluntarily.
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Eating Attitudes Test108
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11–18*
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I have gone on eating binges where I feel that I might not be able stop… always, very often, often, sometimes, rarely, never.
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Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale109
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13–65 |
During the past 6 months have there been times when you felt you have eaten what other people would regard as an unusually large amount of food (e.g., a quart of ice cream) given the circumstances?
During the times when you ate an unusually large amount of food, did you experience a loss of control (feel you couldn’t stop eating or control what or how much you were eating)?
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Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire110
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16+*
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During how many of the past 28 days have there been times when you have eaten what most people would regard as an unusually large amount of food?
During how many of these episodes of overeating did you have a sense of having lost control?
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Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns111
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18+*
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During the past three months, did you ever eat, in a short period of time--for example, a two hour period-- what most people would think was an unusually large amount of food?
When you ate a really big amount of food, did you ever feel that you could not stop eating?
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Loss of Control Over Eating scale112
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Eating Loss of Control scale113
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18+ |
During the past four weeks, how many times have you felt helpless to control your eating urges?
During the past four weeks, how many times have you felt out of control and eaten an unusually large amount of food (for example, eating two full meals; or eating three main courses; or eating an unusually large amount of one food or combination of foods) in a short period of time (1–2 hours)?
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Self-monitoring |
Respondents record the occurrence of target behaviors and their correlates in the natural environment |
Minimal retrospective recall biases
Constructs assessed in natural environment
May be paired with objective sensors of eating behavior
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Laboratory-based measures
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Feeding laboratory paradigms |
Standardized test meals designed to model LOC and/or overeating episodes administered under controlled conditions |
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Energy intake
Macronutrient content
Meal duration
Bite velocity
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Physiological assessment |
Physiological responses tracked during exposure to real or imagined food-related cues |
Minimizes many self-report biases
Elucidates potential mechanisms underlying binge eating constructs
Assesses activity in real time
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Costly
Difficult to elicit LOC and overeating in most psychophysiological paradigms
Limited ecological validity
May yield large amount of false positives
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Neuroimaging |
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Computed tomography
Positron emission tomography
Electroencephalography
Magnetoencephalography
Near infrared spectroscopy
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Eye-tracking |
Pupillometry
Eye movement
Eye blink response
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Other |
Electrodermal activity
Cardiovascular activity
Muscular activity
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